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翰韵典库a>成语词典兔死狗烹兔死狗烹的故事
兔死狗烹的成语故事
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拼音tù sǐ gǒu pēng
基本解释野兔捕杀了;猎狗无用;被煮着吃了。比喻事情成功之后;把效力有功的人抛弃或杀掉。
出处西汉 司马迁《史记 越王勾践世家》:“蜚鸟尽,良弓藏;狡兔死,走狗烹。”
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兔死狗烹的典故
春秋时期,吴越之间经常起争端。公元前497年,吴国大败越国,越王勾践委曲求全向吴国求降,去吴国给吴王夫差当奴仆。在大夫范蠡的帮助下,越王勾践终于骗得夫差的信任,三年后,被释放回国。勾践为了不忘国耻,就每天晚上睡在柴草上,坐卧的地方也悬着苦胆,每天吃饭之前都要先尝一口苦胆。经过十年的奋斗,越国终于打败了吴国。
辅助越王勾践报仇雪恨的主要是两个人,一个是范蠡,还有一个是文种。当时勾践在会稽山一战中大败,国力也不足以与吴国相抗。他就和范蠡、文种两个大臣商议怎样才能报仇雪耻。范蠡劝勾践主动向吴王示好,以便争取时间发展生产,增强国力,提高军事力量。
这时候,夫差因当上了霸主,骄傲起来,一味贪图享乐。文种劝勾践向吴王进贡美女。越王勾践就派人到处物色美女,结果在浣溪边找到了花容月貌、沉鱼落雁的西施。越王派范蠡把她献给了夫差。夫差一见西施,顿时被迷住了,把她当做下凡的仙女,宠爱得不得了,也逐渐放松了对勾践的监视。随后,文种和范蠡又帮助勾践取得夫差的信任。他们还设计让夫差杀了忠臣伍子胥;送给吴国浸泡过、不能发芽的种子,害得吴国当年颗粒无收,到处闹饥荒,国内人心大乱。
越国能够灭掉吴国,范蠡和文种是最大的功臣。勾践在灭掉吴国后,因范、文二人功劳卓著,便要拜范蠡为上将军,文种为丞相。但是范蠡不仅不接受封赏,还执意要离国远去。他不顾勾践的再三挽留,离开越国,隐居齐国。范蠡离开后,还惦记着好友文种,于是就派人悄悄送了一封信给文种,在信上告诉他:你也赶快离开吧,我们的任务已经完成了。勾践心胸狭窄,只可与他共患难,不能同他共富贵。你要记住:“飞鸟尽,良弓藏,狡兔死,走狗烹。”
但是,文种不相信越王会加害自己,坚持不肯走,还回信说:“我立下这么大的功劳,正是该享受的时候,怎么能就这样离开呢?”果然在文种当丞相不久,勾践就给他送来当年夫差叫伍子胥自杀时用的那把剑,同时带了这么一句话:先生教给寡人七种灭吴的办法,寡人只用了三种,就把吴国给灭了,还剩下四种没有用,就请先生带给先王吧。文种一看,就明白了,后悔当初没有听范蠡的话,无奈之下只好举剑自杀了。
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※ 与(兔死狗烹)相关的成语及历史出处:
成语 | 历史出处 |
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Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext39.php on line 165 倒果为因 |
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Warning: Use of undefined constant chuchu - assumed 'chuchu' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext39.php on line 166 姚雪垠《李自成》第一卷第15章:“象郝摇旗这样的人,平时居功自满,遇到艰难的时候又不肯同心协力,常发怨言。” |
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Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext39.php on line 165 暴发户 |
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