酹江月
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唐代]：胡世将
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神州沉陆，问谁是、一范一韩人物。北望长安应不见，抛却关西半壁。塞马晨嘶，胡笳夕引，赢得头如雪。三秦往事，只数汉家三杰。试看百二山河，奈君门万里，六师不发。阃外何人回首处，铁骑千群都灭。拜将台欹，怀贤阁杳，空指冲冠发。阑干拍遍，独对中天明月。
酹江月创作背景
南宋词大多出于东南半壁，欣赏出于西北川陕前线的绝少。乾道八年陆游南郑从军，秋日登高遥望长安南山创作了《秋波媚》诸词，为南宋词传来了西北边塞的鼓角之声。胡世将这首词，最早收录《陕西通志》，比陆游诸词要早三十余年。
参考资料：
1、《唐宋词鉴赏辞典》（南宋·辽·金卷）.上海辞书出版社，1988年版，第1225-1226页
酹江月鉴赏
1140年（宋高宗绍兴十年），胡世将任川陕宣抚副使，与吴积极抗金，刘琦、岳飞、韩世忠等也在中原重击金兵，抗金形势大好。但不久，朝廷任用秦桧，力主和议，罢斥一批抗战人士，把淮河至大散关以北土地拱手让给敌人，本词作于同年秋季。作者痛感朝廷失计、和议误国，满腔愤懑，发之于词。上片以眼看神州沦丧哪有范仲淹、韩琦式的英雄人物来保卫河山起句，极度愤慨溢于言词。“北望”二句，北望长安不见，意为中原已沦丧，连函谷关以西的大半土地也失陷了，语含讥讽，情极沉痛。“晨嘶”二句，写自己清晨骑马出营，傍晚伴着胡笳宿营，因为订了和议，结果任凭岁月流逝，闲白了头发，却不见抗战杀敌。“三秦”二句，宕开一笔，回顾历史。收复陕西，在历史上有过，那是汉初三杰的故事。言下之意，今天仍可以收复失地，关键在于实行抗战政策和任用贤才。
下片紧承上片写不能收复失地的原因。“试看”二句，关中形势险要可以坚守，但朝廷在千里之外，又力主和议，不肯发兵。这里，他把矛头直接对准秦桧一帮卖国贼，进行谴责。愤怒地揭发了投降派的罪行。“阃外”二句，回顾1130年（高宗建炎四年）张浚合五路兵马与金兀术战于富平（甘肃灵武），诸军皆败之事，但今天人们忘记耻辱，又谈和议。“拜将”三句，“台”，“阁杳”，写这几处历史文物被破坏和被遗忘，表现了当时人们不重人才和糟蹋人才。能守而不守，忘记耻辱，糟蹋人才而侈谈和议，这些现实都促使充满爱国激情的作者激愤难当，但又无可奈何，他只有仰天长叹。最后以“阑干拍遍，独对中天明月”作结。全词充满政治色彩，论事透彻，用典恰当；感情饱满，激昂慷慨；风格沉郁悲壮，洒脱豪放。
此词为感时而发所作，斥责和议之非，期待有抱负才能的报国之士实现恢复中原的大业。固它用东坡赤壁怀古韵，故此词亦可称“兴元怀古”。不过东坡赤壁词主要追思怀念周瑜，此词则追怀与当地有关的好几个历史人物。（一）“三秦往事，只数汉家三杰。”项羽入关后分秦地为三，后因称关中为三秦。汉家三杰，就是辅助刘邦夺取天下的张良、萧何与韩信。刘邦于秦亡后被项羽封为汉王，定都南郑。后来他听从萧何建议，南郑为韩信筑坛拜将。刘邦后来出关向东讨伐项羽，并最终取胜，主要就是依靠了张良、萧何、韩信。（二）“拜将台欹，怀贤阁杳。”怀贤阁是纪念三国时北伐至此的诸葛亮。这是因为诸葛亮几度北伐，即驻兵汉中以出斜谷，而且死后葬于汉中的定军山。陆游《感旧》诗记南郑两个胜迹，就是拜将坛与武侯庙。“惨淡遗坛侧，萧条古庙壖。”自注：“拜韩信坛至今犹存。沔阳有蜀后主所立武侯庙。”怀贤阁建于斜谷口，北宋时犹存。《苏轼诗集》卷四有诗题曰：“是日至下马碛，憩于北山僧舍，有阁曰怀贤，南直斜谷，西临五丈原，诸葛孔明所从出师也。”（三）“问谁是，一范一韩人物。”一范一韩，指的是北宋时驻守西北边境的范仲淹与韩琦。仁宗康定元年，范仲淹与韩琦同为陕西经略安抚副使，为抵御西夏、巩固西北边防起了重要作用。朱熹《五朝名臣言行录》卷七：“（范）仲淹与韩琦协谋，必欲收复灵夏横山之地，边上谣曰：‘军中有一韩，西贼闻之心胆寒；军中有一范，西贼闻之惊破胆。’”这些历史人物，有的成就大业，有的北伐中原，有的威震边陲。“神州沉陆”、北宋沦亡之后，面对“北望长安应不见，抛却关西半壁”的山河残破的形势，不能不令人临风怀想古来于此为国立功的上述先贤。这时作为边帅初到兴元的胡世将怀古感时，以表达他希钦和追慕的先贤感情。但首句“神州沉陆”之后，紧接着“问谁是、一范一韩人物”，这么写实是深慨当代没有这样的人物。紧接着下面说“汉家三杰”已成“往事”，拜将台与怀贤阁则一“欹”一“杳”，都是暗寓“时无英雄”之慨。当时张浚是个名望很高的主战派领袖，主张“中兴当自关、陕始”，自请宣抚川陕。可惜他志大才疏，对金兵作战常失利。建炎四年九月，他所指挥的五路之兵四十万人与金兵交战合溃败于富平（今属陕西），至追此关、陕丧失不可复。胡世将上痛和议之非，近伤富平之败，和则非计，战则非能，抚今怀古之余，内心更加感到自己责任重大，既愤且忧，自然“赢得头如雪”了。以功业论，无疑胡世将还算不上什么“中兴名臣”。但此词忧怀国事，着眼大局，不失阃外边的气度。“塞马晨嘶，胡笳夕引”两句，也很好体现了西北战场特有的边塞气氛。篇末写怒发上指，阑干拍遍，情怀激愤，这么写显示内心忧愤既巨且深，再也无法平复了。
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胡世将《
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酹江月》
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孟贯《
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夏日寄史处士》
胡世将简介
唐代·胡世将的简介
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胡世将（1085年—1142年），字承公。常州晋陵（今江苏武进）人。枢密副使胡宿曾孙、浙西安抚使胡唐老之弟。北宋末年至南宋初年大臣。崇宁五年（1106年），胡世将登进士第，历尚书右司员外朗、兵部侍郎等职。绍兴八年（1138年），以枢密直学士出任四川安抚制置使，兼知成都府。绍兴十二年（1142年）病逝，年五十八，谥号“忠献”，后改谥“忠烈”。有《胡忠献集》六十卷，已佚。《全宋诗》、《全宋词》、《陕西通志》等录其诗词。
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雨歇西楼晚晴薄，弦丝调短催长叹。
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裴素明日帖赞
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宋代：
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岳珂
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有王茂宏之笔势，予非取其丽。
从容而大肆，巧者以愧，