十五夜望月寄杜郎中
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唐代]：王建
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中庭地白树栖鸦，冷露无声湿桂花。
十五夜望月寄杜郎中译文及注释
译文
中秋的月光照射在庭院中，地上好像铺上了一层霜雪那样白，树上的鸦雀停止了聒噪，进入了梦乡。
夜深了，清冷的秋露悄悄地打湿庭中的桂花。今夜，明月当空，人们都在赏月，不知那茫茫的秋思落在谁家？
注释
⑴十五夜：指农历八月十五的晚上，即中秋夜。杜郎中，名杜元颖。
⑵中庭：即庭中，庭院中。
⑶地白：指月光照在庭院的样子。
⑷鸦：鸦雀。
⑸冷露：秋天的露水。
⑹尽：都。
⑺秋思：秋天的情思，这里指怀人的思绪。
⑻落：在，到。
参考资料：
1、雅瑟 ．《唐诗三百首鉴赏大全集》 ：新世界出版社 ，2011 ：276-277页 ．
十五夜望月寄杜郎中创作背景
此诗是诗人在中秋佳节与朋友相聚时所作。诗题为《十五夜望月寄杜郎中》，可见是寄友人杜元颖的。原诗诗题下注云：“时会琴客”，说明佳节良友相聚，并非独吟。
十五夜望月寄杜郎中鉴赏
题中的“十五夜”，结合三、四两句来看，应指中秋之夜。诗题，有些版本作《十五夜望月》，此处以《全唐诗》为准。杜郎中，名不详。在唐代咏中秋的篇什中，这是较为著名的一首。
“中庭地白树栖鸦”，月光照射在庭院中，地上好像铺了一层霜雪。萧森的树荫里，鸦鹊的聒噪声逐渐消停下来，它们终于适应了皎月的刺眼惊扰，先后进入了睡乡。诗人写中庭月色，只用“地白”二字，却给人以积水空明、澄静素洁、清冷之感，使人不由会联想起李白的名句“床前明月光，疑是地上霜”，沉浸在清美的意境之中。“树栖鸦”，主要应该十五夜望月是听出来的，而不是看到的。因为即使在明月之夜，人们也不大可能看到鸦鹊的栖宿；而鸦鹊在月光树荫中从开始的惊惶喧闹（周邦彦《蝶恋花》词有句“月皎惊乌栖不定”，也就是写这种意境）到最后的安定入睡，却完全可能凭听觉感受出来。“树栖鸦”这三个字，朴实、简洁、凝炼，既写了鸦鹊栖树的情状，又烘托了月夜的寂静。
“冷露无声湿桂花”，这句诗让人联想到冷气袭人，桂花怡人的情景。由于夜深，秋露打湿庭中桂花。如果进一步揣摩，更会联想到这桂花可能是指月中的桂树。这是暗写诗人望月，正是全篇点题之笔。诗人在万籁俱寂的深夜，仰望明月，凝想入神，丝丝寒意，轻轻袭来，不觉浮想联翩：那广寒宫中，清冷的露珠一定也沾湿了桂花树吧。这样，“冷露无声湿桂花”的意境，就显得更悠远，更耐人寻思。他选取“无声”二字，细致地表现出冷露的轻盈无迹，又渲染了桂花的浸润之久。而且不只是桂花，那树下的玉兔，那挥斧的吴刚，那“碧海青天夜夜心”的嫦娥，也是如此。诗句带给读者的是十分丰富的美的联想。
“今夜月明人尽望，不知秋思落谁家。”普天之下又有多少人在望月思亲。在家乡的人思念远离的亲人；离乡之人遥望家乡亲人。于是，水到渠成，吟出了这两句。诗人不再正面写自己的思亲之愁，而是用一种疑问式的委婉语气道出那绵绵的愁念会落在谁家。前两句写景，不带一个“月”字；第三句才点明望月，而且推己及人，扩大了望月者的范围。但是，同是望月，那感秋之意，怀人之情，却是人各不同的。诗人怅然于家人离散，因而由月宫的凄清，引出了入骨的相思。他的“秋思”必然是最浓挚的。然而，在表现的时候，诗人却并不采用正面抒情的方式，直接倾诉自己的思念之切；而是用了一种委婉的疑问语气：不知那茫茫的秋思会落在谁的一边（“谁家”，就是“谁”，“家”是语尾助词，无实义）。明明是自己在怀人，偏偏说“秋思落谁家”，这就将诗人对月怀远的情思，表现得蕴藉深沉。似乎秋思唯诗人独有，别人尽管也在望月，却并无秋思可言。这真是无理之极，然而愈显出诗人痴情，手法确实高妙。后两句不直抒自己入骨的相思之情，而是用委婉的问句表达，这样便有言外之意，即“在望月的许多人中，秋思最深的恐怕只有我啊！”在炼字上，上海辞书出版社的《唐诗鉴赏辞典》录此诗，末句的“在”作“落”字。徐竹心认为，“落”字新颖妥贴，不同凡响，它给人以生动形象的感觉，仿佛那秋思随着银月的清辉，一齐洒落人间似的。《全唐诗》录此诗，“落”字作“在”，就显得平淡寡味，相形见绌了。
这首诗意境很美，诗人运用形象的语言，丰美的想象，渲染了中秋望月的特定的环境气氛，把读者带进一个月明人远、思深情长的意境，加上一个唱叹有神、悠然不尽的结尾，将别离思聚的情意，表现得非常委婉动人。它首先予人的印象是情景如画。
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苏轼《
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念奴娇·中秋》
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杜甫《
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八月十五夜月二首》
王建简介
唐代·王建的简介
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王建(约767年—约830年)：字仲初，生于颍川(今河南许昌)，唐朝诗人。其著作，《新唐书·艺文志》、《郡斋读书志》、《直斋书录解题》等皆作10卷，《崇文总目》作2卷。
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