浣溪沙·中秋坐上十八客
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宋代]：张孝祥
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同是瀛洲册府仙，今朝聊结社中莲，胡笳按拍酒如川。
唤起封姨清晚暑，更将荔子荐新圆，从今三夜看婵娟。
浣溪沙·中秋坐上十八客鉴赏
首句故事源自唐太宗设文学馆。唐太宗为网罗人才，设置文学馆，任命杜如晦、房玄龄等十八名文官为学士，轮流宿于馆中，暇日，访以政事，讨论典籍。又命阎立本画像，褚亮作赞，题名字爵里，号“十八学士”。时人慕之，谓“登瀛洲”。诗文中常用“登瀛洲”或“瀛洲”比喻士人获得殊荣，如入仙境。瀛洲，传说中的东海三仙山之一，另二仙山名蓬莱、方丈。“册”，册封，特指皇帝的诏书。该词起句便见不俗，将此日参加中秋宴会的十八人比作仙境之人。张孝祥《鹧鸪天·送陈倅正字摄峡州》亦有句：“人物风流册府仙。”
“结社”，组织团体。“结社多高客，登坛尽小诗。”（唐·许浑《送太昱禅师》诗）次句巧妙地将“结社”二字拆开，一作“聊结”，一作“社中莲”，由此又将今朝宴会比之于晋慧远集高僧名儒结白莲社于庐山东林寺。庐山白莲社数百人中，其间誉望尤着，为当世推重者，号社中十八贤。晁补之于《白莲社图记》亦有记载。
第三句作为上片结语，是说当筵演奏琴曲《胡笳十八拍》助兴，坐上十八客酒兴更高。“胡笳”，我国古代北方民族一种管乐器，传说由汉张骞从西域传入，汉魏鼓吹乐中常用之。蔡琰归汉后，悲叹自己命运多舛，写下《胡笳十八拍》流传于今。“按拍”，击节，打拍子。今宵按拍赏音，不禁抚今思夕，感慨万端，自是豪饮痛醉一场。
换头用“封姨”对应时节，切合“十八”。“封姨”，古时神话传说中的风神，亦称“封家姨”、“十八姨”、“封十八姨”。（唐·谷神子《博异志·崔玄微》）诗文中常作为风的代称。由于中秋季节犹有余热，词人便在此时召唤风神送来凉爽，清涤晚暑，以助酒兴。
接下一句说酒后更有荔枝品尝，以切“十八”，并扣题中秋。上品新荔名“十八娘”，宋·曾巩《荔枝录》云：“十八娘荔枝，色深红而细长，闽王王氏有女第十八，好食此，因而得名。”苏辙《干荔支》曰：“红消白瘦香犹在，想见当年十八娘。”中秋不能不赏月，赏月当有瓜果供奉，该词故有“荔子荐新圆”句。“新圆”，指中秋圆月。
荔子自然圆，中秋月更圆，新朋老友中秋团圆更是大快人心，于是全词最后一句即景生情作结，说今宵赏月尚可再延长三夜至十八。“婵娟”，月亮。这是词人的美好愿望，亦可见词人填词用事的高强本领。
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米芾《
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水调歌头·中秋》
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李白《
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侠客行》
张孝祥简介
唐代·张孝祥的简介
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张孝祥（1132年－1169年），字安国，号于湖居士，汉族，简州（今属四川）人，生于明州鄞县。宋朝词人。著有《于湖集》40卷、《于湖词》1卷。其才思敏捷，词豪放爽朗，风格与苏轼相近，孝祥“尝慕东坡，每作为诗文，必问门人曰：‘比东坡如何？’”
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