田家行
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唐代]：王建
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男声欣欣女颜悦，人家不怨言语别。
野蚕作茧人不取，叶间扑扑秋蛾生。
不望入口复上身，且免向城卖黄犊。
回家衣食无厚薄，不见县门身即乐。
田家行译文及注释
译文
乡间农家欢欣鼓舞，喜乐自得，平日的愁怨一洗而空，连话语的音调也与平常不同。炎炎夏日，麦浪滚滚，夏粮丰收了。夏茧也丰收了，檐头缲车索索作响，野蚕作茧无人收取，只得自生自灭。一派丰收之景，但麦打成粮，蚕茧织成绢丝，乡民却无法自己享受这些劳动成果，而不得不把粮、绢的大部分送给官家缴纳赋税。在这丰收的年景里，他们并不指望打下的粮食自己吃，织好的绢自己穿，只指望能免除到城里卖黄犊，以缴纳官府的横敛就行了。乡民们说自家并不计较是否吃得好穿得好，认为只要不进县衙门吃官司那就是最大的幸福了。
注释
男声欣欣女颜悦：此句运用了互文手法，不可解为只有男子才欢欣地喊叫，只有女子脸上才露出了笑容。其实无论男女，他们的声音，他们的容颜，都显露出喜乐自得的样子。
檐头：原指屋檐的边沿，此处应指屋檐下。缲车：即“缫车”，缫丝用的器具。
轴：此处指织绢的机轴。
黄犊：指小牛。
田家行创作背景
中唐时变租庸调法为两税法，名义上是为了纠正租庸调法赋敛繁重之弊，唐德宗甚至还有“两税外辄率一钱以枉法论”的诏令，实则两税法兴，而横征暴敛仍繁，各种莫名其妙的奉进、宣索一次次强加在农民身上。此诗就是在这种社会背景下创作的。
参考资料：
1、周啸天 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典补编．成都：四川文艺出版社，1990：439-441
田家行鉴赏
王建这首乐府体诗歌，对残酷的封建压迫作了无情的揭露。仲夏时节，农民麦、茧喜获丰收，却被官府劫一空，无法享受自己的劳动果实，只能过着“衣食无厚薄”的悲惨生活。这首诗所反映的事实，应是中唐时期整个农民生活的缩影，相当具有典型性。全诗四换韵脚。依照韵脚的转换，诗可分为四个层次。
前两句为第一层，直接描写乡间农民的精神面貌：这两句写平日寡欢少乐、愁眉苦脸的男男女女因为收成好而欣喜万分，说话也温和悦人。首句使用了互文手法，不可解为只有男子才欢欣地喊叫，只有女子脸上才露出了笑容。其实无论是男是女，他们的声音，他们的容颜，都显露出喜乐自得的样子，平日的愁怨一洗而空，连话语的音调也与平常不同。先写农家喜乐自得，而后再写喜乐自得之因，由此造成悬念，引发读者阅读下去的兴趣。
三、四、五、六这四句为第二层。这层以具体形象暗示农家喜乐之因，是因为夏粮、夏茧丰收，有了一个好收成。“五月”二句，写织妇因为喜悦，面对五月艳阳，也觉麦香中的热风清凉宜人，在缲丝车上细致认真快乐地抽丝织素。五月麦风清，写夏粮丰收；檐头缲车索索作响，写夏茧丰收。为了突出农家夏茧之多，诗人又从侧面下笔：这两句写家蚕丰收，野蚕无人也无暇顾及，以至野蚕化蛾，在桑叶上飞来飞去。野蚕作茧无人收取，自生自灭，可见夏茧的确获得大丰收，完全足够抽丝织绢之需。在这一层次里，作者一写收麦，一写缲丝，抓住人类生活最基本的衣食温饱落笔，突出丰收的景象，使一、二句写农家喜悦有了好的注脚。后面三句：“麦收上场绢在轴”，“不望入口复上身”，“田家衣食无厚薄”，也都紧紧围绕衣食温饱或叙事，或抒情，或议论，反映现实的焦点突出集中。
七、八、九、十这四句为第三层。这层写官家对农民巧立名目的盘剥，感情则由喜转悲，形成一个大的波澜，既显出文势跌宕之美，又增强了作品揭露现实的深度。“麦收上场绢在轴，的知输得官家足”，写麦、茧丰收的结果。“轴”，指织绢的机轴。丰收，本来应该给田家带来丰衣足食的生活，事实却非如此。麦打成粮，蚕茧织成绢丝，农民却无法自己享受这些劳动成果，而不得不把粮、绢的大部分送给官家缴纳赋税。“的知”一句为神来之笔。这句诗把农民一次次缴纳苛捐杂税，但不知是否还有新的赋税要缴的心理，刻画得维妙维肖。“不望”两句，更为沉痛。农民在丰收的年景里，并不指望打下的粮食自己吃，织好的绢自己穿，只指望能免除到城里卖黄犊，以缴纳横敛之灾就行了。那么，农民自己吃什么，穿什么，是可以想见的。这种对农民丰年却衣食无着的客观表现，有力地控诉了中唐时期的黑暗现实。
最后两句为第四层。这两句借农民之口，揭露了封建剥削的残酷。但这种揭露，不是出自声泪俱下的直接的声讨，而是通过平淡的甚至略带幽默的语言，让读者思而得之。农民说自家并不计较是否吃得好穿得好，认为只要不进县衙门吃官司那就是最大的幸福了。这种以不因横征暴敛而吃官司为幸福的幸福观，恰恰从另一个角度暴露了封建统治者的凶残。
此诗在构思农家苦这一题材时，颇具特色。在一般的作品中，作者在表现封建剥削对人民的压榨时，多是正面描状农民生活的困苦。这首诗则不然。《田家行》向读者描绘的是小麦、蚕茧丰收，农民欣喜欢乐的场面。但丰收的结果，并不是生活的改善，而是受到更重的盘剥，生活依然悲惨，无法避开不幸的命运。这种遭遇，不是一家一户偶然遇到天灾人祸所碰到的困苦，而是概括了封建时代千千万万农民的共同遭遇，如此选材，相当具有典型性和概括性。
在表现方法上，古乐府多叙事，《田家行》则选取农家生活的两个断面，一是麦、茧丰收，一是粮、绢大部输官，把这两个断面加以对比。这对揭示农家苦这一主题，发挥了重要作用。
此诗纯用赋体直陈其事，语言质朴无华，通俗流畅、凝炼精警，于平易中见深刻。
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白居易《
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杜陵叟》
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李白《
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丁督护歌》
王建简介
唐代·王建的简介
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王建(约767年—约830年)：字仲初，生于颍川(今河南许昌)，唐朝诗人。其著作，《新唐书·艺文志》、《郡斋读书志》、《直斋书录解题》等皆作10卷，《崇文总目》作2卷。
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禹门
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明代：
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薛瑄
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连山忽断禹门开，中有黄流万里来。更欲登临穷胜观，却愁咫尺会风雷。
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题潘臞斋客安书院
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宋代：
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陈深
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屋上即青山，柴扉镇日嵌。
烟霞三径足，天地一身闲。