门有车马客行
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魏晋]：陆机
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念君久不归，濡迹涉江湘。
投袂赴门涂，揽衣不及裳。
拊膺携客泣，掩泪叙温凉。
借问邦族间，恻怆论存亡。
亲友多零落，旧齿皆凋丧。
市朝互迁易，城阙或丘荒。
坟垄日月多，松柏郁茫茫。
天道信崇替，人生安得长。
门有车马客行译文及注释
译文
门前有车马经过，这车马来自故乡。
因为顾念我久久未回，因而他们远涉而来。
我听说有客人从故乡来，赶快整理衣服出去相见。
见到故乡旧友不禁感动得掉下泪来，亲手拉他进屋，擦干眼泪我们聊起了我离别家乡后彼此的境况。
我问他现在乡国和宗族过得怎么样，他凄怆地对我说，自我别后的这些年发生了很大的变化。
亲友也大都零落，不知迁徙到哪里去了，那些年迈的老人都已去世。
市集和朝堂都改变到了其他地方，以前的很繁华的地方都已成为了丘垄和荒地。
坟茔越来越多了，坟地上的松柏也郁郁苍苍。
天道还有盛衰，何况是人生呢？
想想我自己的人生，顷刻之间觉得无限悲伤。
注释
濡迹：留下踪迹。濡，沾湿的意思。
投袂：甩下衣袖。
赴门涂：赶出门口上路。
揽衣：整理一下衣服。
拊膺：拍打胸部。
掩泪：擦干。
邦族：乡国和宗族。
旧齿：故旧老人。
市朝：市集和朝堂。
郁茫茫：茂盛的一片。这里指坟墓剧增。崇替：盛衰。俯仰：顷刻之间，形容时间短暂。
门有车马客行鉴赏
《门有车马客行》，乐府旧题。唐代吴兢《乐府古题要解》说：“皆言问讯其客，或得故旧乡里，或驾自京师，备叙市朝迁谢，亲戚雕丧之意也。”西晋武帝末年，陆机和弟弟陆云离开江南家乡，北上洛阳以求取功名。不久，晋武帝去世，围绕权力的再分配，统治集团内部各派系展开了激烈的争夺。陆机沉浮于这种复杂的环境中，备感仕途艰险、人命危浅，由此也常常生发出怀念故乡亲友之情。这首诗虽沿用乐府古题，但反映的却是陆机自己的感情。
诗的开端六句，交代有客自故乡来，诗人急忙出门迎接。首句点应诗题。“念君”二句，以故乡客口吻点明作者离乡时间之长，以故乡客远涉而来暗示他们之间的关系并非一般，为下文的问讯作了铺垫。“江湘”，偏指长江，因从江东至中原无须经湘江，诗人此为协韵而已。“濡迹”，涉江时沾湿的足印，二字概写故乡客行旅的艰辛，起到以少胜多的效果。“投袂”两句，刻画诗人迎接故乡客的急切状态，神情毕肖，透过这毫无斯文气的动作描写，读者可以联想到诗人平素对乡音的殷切企盼。
接下来“拊膺”二句，写诗人见到故乡客的激动情态。诗人连用“拊膺”“携”“掩泪”几个带有强烈感情色彩的词语，创造出一种极端伤痛的氛围，淋漓尽致地表现了他那积抑已久的悲情。重情是魏晋思潮的一大特征，由于个人意识加强，魏晋文人对自己的喜怒哀乐有了更敏锐更强烈的感受；在情感的表达上，也冲破了汉儒“温柔敦厚”、“哀而不伤”诗教说的抑制，敢于尽力宣泄。陆机不仅在理论上首标“诗缘情”之说，而且在创作上大力实践之，他“观尺景以伤悲，俯寸心而凄恻”（《述思赋》），往往尽最大的努力来强化自己的感情。“拊膺携客泣，掩泪叙温凉”，不正是这种创作倾向的流露。
“借问”八句，写亲友零落，桑梓倾覆的惨淡现实。重逢乡亲，自然就要问讯故乡亲友的情况。而世间最牵动人心的，莫过于亲友的存亡问题，譬如汉乐府《十五从军征》中的八十岁老兵，他“道逢乡里人”，最挂念的也是“家中有阿谁。”“恻怆论存亡”，同样真切地表现了陆机的这种心情。然而，答案却令人黯然神伤。“亲友多零落”六句，展示了一幅极其惨淡的图景：亲友大部分零落了，有德望的老人则全死光了；昔日豪华壮丽的官府殿堂倾颓殆尽，或沦为杂草丛生的荒丘，或沦为商贩出入的集市；放眼望去，郊原坟冢垒垒，松柏郁苍。六句诗，“亲友”两句和“坟垄”两句形成相反相成的强烈比照，“市”与“朝”，“城阙”与“丘荒”，也对比鲜明。这都体现着作者巧妙的艺术匠心，只有通过这种对比组合，才能创造出沧桑陵谷的气氛和惊心动魄的感染力。
结尾四句，诗人把亲友零落、生命短促的现实痛苦升华为对整个人生意义和价值的悲叹感伤。“道”，此指自然规律。信，确实。“崇替”，衰亡，灭亡。“天道信崇替，人生安得长”——宇宙间万灵万类终归要走向衰亡，人又岂能获免！着一“信”字，更见沉痛。既然人的衰亡是宇宙之必然，那每个人都在劫难逃了，零落者的今天，便是“我”的明天，于是诗人便在一曲欲解不能的伤叹中收束全诗：惟，思。“俯仰”二字突现诗人敏感的时间意识，与悲伤萦怀、感慨淋漓的气氛相吻合，更易产生“每读一过，令人辄唤奈何”的效果。
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元稹《
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织妇词》
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韩愈《
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青青水中蒲三首·其三》
陆机简介
唐代·陆机的简介
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陆机（261－303），字士衡，吴郡吴县（今江苏苏州）人，西晋文学家、书法家，孙吴丞相陆逊之孙、大司马陆抗之子，与其弟陆云合称“二陆”。孙吴灭亡后出仕晋朝司马氏政权，曾历任平原内史、祭酒、著作郎等职，世称“陆平原”。后死于“八王之乱”，被夷三族。他“少有奇才，文章冠世”（《晋书·陆机传》），与弟陆云俱为中国西晋时期著名文学家，被誉为“太康之英”。陆机还是一位杰出的书法家，他的《平复帖》是中古代存世最早的名人书法真迹。
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：
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傅义
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未闻叩齿未知禅，异代无从问大颠。欲乞灵光医俗骨，馨香满抱是轻烟。
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叠前韵 其二
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明代：
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庄昶
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峡束蒹葭带客舟，江涵星月傍人流。悲歌绝意关人世，纵饮无钱解杖头。
海角往来都此兴，心端涬溟浪谁愁。不眠犹抱閒来膝，山狎浮云水狎鸥。