渡辽水
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唐代]：王建
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渡辽水，此去咸阳五千里。
身在应无回渡日，驻马相看辽水傍。
渡辽水译文及注释
译文
离开咸阳，此去辽水漫漫五千里，还未出门父母就已知道此去将隔海茫茫，今生很难再次相聚。临出门时母亲又为我重新做了几件衣裳，好像怕我有去无回，万一死在路途中没有干净的衣服可以殓葬。也有征人牺牲被送回咸阳，军中长官呈请皇上让烈士本乡的人充任征戍。想想自己真是可怜，身在外时将再没有回来的日期，为此心里无限伤感，茫然驻马停在辽水之边。
注释
如：动词，去。
咸阳：古都城。
营家：军中的长官。
题：上奏呈请。
译文
渡过辽水，此时离开咸阳足有五千来里。
出征的时候父母就已知道今生很难再次相聚，便让我重新穿好衣裳，好像是伤悼我去送死一般。
打仗时还有士兵战死后尸骨被送回咸阳的，这些坟墓的碑石上都刻出了各人的家乡。
活着的战士知道应该不会有渡河归家的那一天了，只能在辽水边驻马回望远在天边的家乡。
注释
⑴辽水：指大小辽河，源出吉林和内蒙古，流经辽宁入海。
⑵咸阳：古都邑名，在今陕西咸阳东北二十里。
⑶如：动词，去。重：一作“里”，一作“裹”。
⑷营家：军中的长官。一作“茔冢”，即坟墓。
⑸题：上奏呈请。
⑹回渡：一作“渡辽”。
⑺驻马：停住了马。傍：同“旁”。
参考资料：
1、于海娣 等．唐诗鉴赏大全集．北京：中国华侨出版社，2010年12月版：第328页
2、彭定求 等．全唐诗（上）．上海：上海古籍出版社，1986年10月版：第748页
渡辽水鉴赏
王建在贞元（唐德宗年号，785—805）年间曾在幽燕一带度过了十多年的戎马生涯，对边疆战士的生活极为熟悉，十分同情他们的痛苦，这首诗便揭露了唐王朝远征高丽给人民带来的苦难。
这两句写出征的战士背井离乡，长途征战。
“隔生”之感、“送死”之别深刻地揭示了唐代对外战争给广大劳动人民带来的严重灾难。父母与儿子、妻子与丈夫、小孩与父亲的生离死别，正是源于统治者的这些对外侵略战争。
“亦有白骨归咸阳，营家（一作‘茔冢’）各与题本乡。”这两句体现了远征之人的思乡之情，即使死了也不忘家乡，希望落叶归根。句中的“白骨”与“茔冢”都是战争留下的凄凉的遗物，是残酷战争的见证。凄凉的遗物与思乡之情融汇在一起，让人伤感莫名，表达了诗人对统治阶级穷兵黩武的控诉与愤慨。
死的尚有“白骨”“归咸阳”，活着的只能隔着辽水空望家乡。他们只能期望有一天战死沙场后，自己的遗骸能够被幸运地送回长安。远征战士的悲哀，在这字里行间表现得很浓烈。
此诗笔力遒劲，意境苍凉，读来令人心摧骨折、肝肠欲绝。
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萧衍《
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芳树》
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曹操《
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薤露》
王建简介
唐代·王建的简介
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王建(约767年—约830年)：字仲初，生于颍川(今河南许昌)，唐朝诗人。其著作，《新唐书·艺文志》、《郡斋读书志》、《直斋书录解题》等皆作10卷，《崇文总目》作2卷。
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