宫娃歌
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唐代]：李贺
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蜡光高悬照纱空，花房夜捣红守宫。
象口吹香毾覴暖，七星挂城闻漏板。
寒入罘罳殿影昏，彩鸾帘额著霜痕。
啼蛄吊月钩阑下，屈膝铜铺锁阿甄。
梦入家门上沙渚，天河落处长洲路。
愿君光明如太阳，放妾骑鱼撇波去。
宫娃歌译文及注释
译文
高悬的灯烛透过细薄的纱罩放光明，花房的宫女们深夜里捣制红守宫。
香炉的象口中喷着香气，地毯暖烘烘，北斗七星挂在城头，漏板声声报深更。
寒气侵入殿前网罩，宫殿的暗影昏蒙蒙，绣着彩鸾的门帘横额，沾满了霜痕层层。
蝼蛄对着月光在曲栏下哀鸣，失意的宫女被牢牢关锁在大院深宫。
宫女梦中走进了沙洲上的家门，天河落处的长洲上留下了她的倩影。
“希望君王能像太阳那样光明，放我走吧，跨鱼破浪我也马上起程！
注释
宫娃：宫女，吴语称美女为娃。唐王维《从岐王夜宴卫家山池应教》诗：“座客香貂满，宫娃绮帐张。”
蜡光：烛光。照纱空：烛光射过薄薄的灯纱，透明通亮。
花房：宫女的居室。红守宫：宫中妇女们化妆用的一种颜料。
象口：象形香炉的出烟口。毾（tà）覴（dēng）：细密的地毯。七星：北斗七星。
漏板：古代报时辰的铜板。明高启《马璘画》诗：“风传漏板还堪数，月混梨花不易寻。”
罘（fú）罳（sī）：古代设在门外或城角上的网状建筑，用以守望和防御。
彩鸾帘额：绣着彩色鸾鸟的门帘上的横额。著（zhuó）：沾着。
啼蛄（gū）吊月：蝼蛄在月光下悲鸣。钩阑：弯曲钩错的栏杆。
屈膝：门帘上的环扣。铜铺：铜制的铺首。阿甄：魏文帝曹丕的皇后，清姿丽貌，初入宫时得宠，后被谗言失意，幽禁宫中。泛指失宠的宫女。
沙渚：水中的小陆地。南朝宋谢惠连《泛湖归出楼中玩月》诗：“哀鸿鸣沙渚，悲猿响山椒。”
天河落处：银河落下的地方，比喻家乡十分遥远。长洲：县名，唐朝时属于苏州，代指宫女的故乡。
君：指皇帝。
妾：宫女自称。骑鱼撇波：骑鱼破浪，形容宫女思乡情切，等不及坐船。
参考资料：
1、冯浩非 徐传武．李贺诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：101-102
宫娃歌创作背景
从《诗经》开始，中国文学便产生了一系列揭示妇女不幸命运，为她们鸣不平的感人诗章。李贺的《宫娃歌》可以说是这悲怆组歌中一支哀惋低回的小曲。此诗当作于唐宪宗元和五年（810年）至元和八年（813年）间，这段时间李贺常住京师长安。
宫娃歌鉴赏
“蜡光高悬照纱空，花房夜捣红守宫。”开篇便是一个耐人寻味的场面。时间是秋夜，地点是宫中花房。歌咏的对象——宫娃，正在花房持杵夜捣红守宫。宫娃在宫中杂役甚多，然诗人只选择其“捣红守宫”，极富象征性将宫娃们不幸的处境披露出来了。守宫，宫娃们一生只能厮守宫中，过着幽禁森严的生活。她们的青春和生命如同蜡烛，在漫漫长夜中渐渐消逝，那滴滴蜡珠，仿佛是她们伤心的眼泪。
夜色越来越浓了，北斗七星已斜挂城头，四周一片寂静，只听得报时的漏板声间或传来。宫娃长夜不寐，顾影自怜，心底时时生出一片悲凉。
“寒入罘罳殿影昏，彩鸾帘额著霜痕。”寒气透进户网，殿影漫入浓雾中，依稀难辨，连绣着彩鸾的帘头上也沾满了清霜。此联虽为景语，却是情语。这里诗人着意描出“寒”、“霜”二字，以景衬情，道出宫娃身心俱寒，伤神刺骨的痛苦感受。
如果说诗的前六句以浓墨渲染出秋夜的浓重和寒冷，以此暗寓宫娃凄苦的处境和悲凉的心境，那么，诗的后六句则径直揭示出宫娃深宫生活的幽闭、压抑与孤独，昭示出她们向往自由的强烈的生的企盼。
“啼蛄吊月”是一个境界：漫漫秋夜，月下蝼蛄嘶鸣，嘘唏如泣，幽咽如吊，使人不忍卒听。诗人巧借自然界中的昆虫做比，进一步隐喻、铺陈宫娃之孤独与悲苦。
“屈膝铜铺锁阿甄”，又是一个境界：深宫大院，壁垒森严。有形无形的铰链铜锁隔绝了宫娃与外面世界的联系。“锁”，这里是禁锢宫娃自由与生命的象征。后宫成为宫娃们生活的一所牢狱。“阿甄”，这里诗人是借甄氏喻失意幽旷的宫娃。的确，在森森后宫，宫娃们的荣辱富贵，全系于君王一时之恩遇与喜怒。有幸运者，如白居易《长恨歌》“天生丽质难自弃，一朝选在君王侧”而暂时得意的杨玉环；有失意者，如司马相如《长门赋》中“魂佚而不反兮，形枯槁而独居”，被汉武帝遗弃的陈阿娇；有遗憾者，如王安石《明妃曲》里“意态由来画不成，当时枉杀毛延寿”而被迫远嫁匈奴的王昭君；亦有终生不得幸遇者，如杜牧《阿房宫赋》：“雷霆乍惊，宫车过也；辘辘远听，杳不知其所之也。一肌一容，尽态极妍，缦立远视，而望幸焉；有不见者，三十六年”的众多宫女。然而宫娃们的命运，大都像白居易笔下“绿衣监使守宫门，一闭上阳多少春”的“上阳白发人”。她们年青貌美时选入宫中，从此与亲人再不得相见。耿耿残灯，萧萧暗雨，陪伴她们度过多少岁岁月月，直至满头白发。既便宫娃中幸运者，如曹雪芹笔下的贾元春，荣至贵妃，然而在省亲时也忍不住向自己的亲人倾出腹中的辛酸，称宫中是“不得见人的去处”。万恶的封建制度，不知葬送掉多少妇女的青春和幸福，临此绝境，她们不能不从内心深处发出生的呐喊。
“梦入家门上沙渚，天河落处长洲路。”宫娃们无时无刻不在思念着家乡，思念着自己的亲人。可是，这只是她们的痴想。家乡的路途是那样遥远，仿佛是在“天河落处”，而宫中的制度又是那样森严，谁也不敢迈出宫门一步。也许，只有在梦中，她们才能返回家门，享受与骨肉团聚的短暂欢乐。诗句至此，写得最为动情。人非游雁，都有家园；人非草木，都有亲情。深墙大院，铜铺金锁，可以锁住她们的身子，可是锁不住她们对亲人的思念、对自由的企盼。
“愿君光明如太阳，放妾骑鱼撇波去。”宫娃终于压抑不住内心骚动的激情，勇敢地喊出久已埋在心底的愿望：离开宫中，回到自己的世界里去。宫娃的要求是正当的，口气亦极为谦卑，但她们“请去”的意志却是十分坚强的。“骑鱼撇波”句，淋漓尽致地描摹出宫娃欲从宫中脱身的急切心情。然而，这显然又是宫娃的一片痴想。封建帝王视宫娃为宫中玩物，不会管她们幸福与否。盼望光明如太阳的君王出现，无异于西望日出，是根本不可能的，最后只能是一种“无望的期望”。诗人写出这样一种情状，尤其震撼人心。
在艺术表现方法上，这首诗亦颇有可称道之处。比兴的运用，情与景的交融，且不必论，单是构思之巧妙，便足以称奇了。诗人为表现宫娃这一形象，妙造出“三境”：环境、梦境与心境。秋夜漫漫，帘额著霜，啼蛄吊月，铜铺锁宫，描绘的是宫娃凄冷、幽闭的生活环境。“梦入家门”，“天河落处”，描绘的是宫娃幽远、缥缈的梦境。而大梦初醒，幻影依稀，恍中情不自禁地直道出“放妾骑鱼撇波去”的热切渴望，则将宫娃强烈思归，不甘寂灭的心境和盘托出了。当然，环境、梦境与心境是互相映衬、互为因果的，它们共同构成诗的意境。随着画面的拓展，感情的渲泄，这意境也就愈转愈深，愈转愈明。特别是诗的结句，豁然开朗，仿佛于重重阴霾中透露出一抹亮色，读者至此，那沉重而挹郁之气方稍许得到些释放。赞其章法，这可称之为“跌宕生姿”。
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唐寅《
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美人对月》
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纳兰性德《
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浣溪沙·十八年来堕世间》
李贺简介
唐代·李贺的简介
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李贺（约公元791年-约817年），字长吉，汉族，唐代河南福昌（今河南洛阳宜阳县）人，家居福昌昌谷，后世称李昌谷，是唐宗室郑王李亮后裔。有“诗鬼”之称，是与“诗圣”杜甫、“诗仙”李白、“诗佛”王维相齐名的唐代著名诗人。著有《昌谷集》。李贺是中唐的浪漫主义诗人，与李白、李商隐称为唐代三李。有“‘太白仙才，长吉鬼才’之说。李贺是继屈原、李白之后，中国文学史上又一位颇享盛誉的浪漫主义诗人。李贺长期的抑郁感伤，焦思苦吟的生活方式，元和八年（813年）因病辞去奉礼郎回昌谷，27岁英年早逝。
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宋代：
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刘克庄
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陌上儿童说，时清长吏贤。
岂能无朴教，不过示蒲鞭。
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示内绝句二首 其二
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：
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罗元贞
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珍重秋粮下赐难，只宜稀煮不宜乾。如今却合养儿诀，最好三分饥与寒。
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有客
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明代：
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韩上桂
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有客形容黯如漆，裙短不覆才到膝。不知两眼为谁青，但取高歌留白日。
读书十载北山中，泉石泠泠常溯风。兴狂便掣青萍剑，气奋欲挂扶桑弓。
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李廷臣通判蔡州
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宋代：
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梅尧臣
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来路青青草，随君去未休。
亦将离思远，还共翠心抽。
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有所思
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明代：
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周旋
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悲风起高树，阴云蔽朝阳。伊人在天末，地远道路长。
驾言欲相就，车敝马玄黄。秋深气愈厉，孤雁正南翔。
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赠觉师
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宋代：
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沈辽
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我昔乘兴游荆溪，数访道人溪水西。道人飘然舍我去，有如白云谢污泥。
我来云间亦未久，惠然相顾携枯藜。时人莫将老相识，解空第一须菩提。