浣溪沙·争挽桐花两鬓垂
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宋代]：周邦彦
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争挽桐花两鬓垂，小妆弄影照清池。出帘踏袜趁蜂儿。
跳脱添金双腕重，琵琶拨尽四弦悲。夜寒谁肯剪春衣。
浣溪沙·争挽桐花两鬓垂译文及注释
译文
小女孩们争着嚷着摘下桐花插在垂着的两鬓上，稍稍打扮便坐在清池边卖弄地照自己的身影。她们还没穿好鞋子，就踩着袜子蹦出门帘去追逐蜜蜂。
佩戴的金手镯压得她们手腕很沉重，琵琶四根弦拨弄出的声音是悲伤的。晚上寒冷时谁肯为她们裁制春衣呢？
注释
浣溪沙：原为唐教坊曲名，后用为词牌名。正体双调四十二字，上片三句三平韵，下片三句两平韵。
挽：攀引、牵拉。
桐花：桐树开的花。
两鬓垂：古代未成年女子不挽发髫，两边鬓发下垂。
小妆：稍稍打扮。
踏袜：打着袜角，还没来得及穿鞋。
趁：追逐。
跳脱：又称“条脱”，手镯。
拨尽：弹奏。
剪：裁制。
参考资料：
1、周子瑜．《中国古典文学作品选读 柳永周邦彦词选注》．上海：上海古籍出版社，1990年04月第1版：第72页
浣溪沙·争挽桐花两鬓垂创作背景
相传周邦彦在汴京当太学生的时候，见到一群年幼的歌女，本是天真活泼的年龄，却被送进坊曲（唐宋时的青楼），强使学艺，不得自由。他对她们不幸的命运有着深切的同情，于是有这首词作。
参考资料：
1、周子瑜．《中国古典文学作品选读 柳永周邦彦词选注》．上海：上海古籍出版社，1990年04月第1版：第72页
浣溪沙·争挽桐花两鬓垂鉴赏
本词写一群天真烂漫的小歌女，其活泼姿态表现得十分生动有趣。词的上片三句似电影中三个画面。首句“争挽桐花两鬓垂”，点出她们的年龄和活泼。古代孩童不束发，两鬓下垂，可见是一些小小女孩儿。她们在树下争着闹着，将桐花摘下来，插到自己的鬓发上。次句“小妆弄影照清池”，写年龄虽幼小，已经很爱美了。她们插好花稍稍打扮后，纷纷跑到清池边，欣赏自己美丽的倩影。一个“弄”字，活现出装模作样、顾影自怜的可爱相。她们不仅爱美，还十分顽皮淘气。上结“出帘踏袜趁蜂儿”是多么有趣的一笔。她们为了追逐一只小小的蜜蜂儿，只打着袜脚，来不及穿鞋，就掀开帘子蹦跳出去了。以上写她们平时是爱美、爱玩的天真无邪小小孩子。上片没有写明她们的身份，但从下片可看到这是一群被送到坊曲（唐宋时的妓院）强使学艺的小女孩儿。
过片两句“跳脱添金双腕重，琵琶拨尽四弦悲”，写她们一本正经练艺时的情况：此时坊曲主人给她们戴上饰物。那用金子镶嵌的手镯带在两只手腕上感到沉重。这“重”字语义双关，既是手上沉重，也是心中沉重。琵琶弹尽一曲声调悲哀。“悲”字也是双关，既是曲调之悲，也是女孩儿们内心的悲伤。结句“岁寒谁肯剪春衣？”这轻轻一点，实是重重一笔，本词的主旨终于显示出来。岁暮了，春天来临，究竟有谁肯为这群女小孩儿添制春衣呢？意思是，根本没有人会真正关心她们的生活。
本词为四十二字的小令，在美成的笔下，显得十分出色。写法上很有特点，一是全词多用对比：上片女孩儿们的活泼笑闹和下片受管束、内心悲凉形成对比。二是下片中“跳脱添金双腕重”，坊曲主人为她们外表打扮、装装门面，和结句实际上丝毫不关心她们生活冷暖形成对比。三是上片起句女孩们争着采桐花打扮自己，非常愉快和过片被动戴上手镯感到沉重不自在形成对比。通过种种对比，以层层加深的笔法以突出主旨。词的上片三句从不同角度大力渲染女孩们的活泼娇憨和自由欢乐。过片写出她们的沉重，接着又写出她们的悲哀，最后点出根本无人真心照顾她们。这样前面种种的可爱处更引起读者的爱怜。其三，下片的写法，特别符合《浣溪沙》这词调格律的要求。按《浣溪沙》作法，上下片各七字三句。分两句一组，一句一组。这一句一组是很重要的，要用力才能收住，本词的结句“夜寒谁肯剪春衣”，正是全词的重心所在。
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周邦彦《
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浣溪沙·争挽桐花两鬓垂》
周邦彦简介
唐代·周邦彦的简介
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周邦彦（1056年－1121年），中国北宋末期著名的词人，字美成，号清真居士，汉族，钱塘（今浙江杭州）人。历官太学正、庐州教授、知溧水县等。徽宗时为徽猷阁待制，提举大晟府。精通音律，曾创作不少新词调。作品多写闺情、羁旅，也有咏物之作。格律谨严。语言典丽精雅。长调尤善铺叙。为后来格律派词人所宗。旧时词论称他为“词家之冠”。有《清真集》传世。
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