眉妩·戏张仲远
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宋代]:姜夔
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看垂杨连苑,杜若侵沙,愁损未归眼。信马青楼去,重帘下,娉婷人妙飞燕。翠尊共款。听艳歌、郎意先感。便携手、月地云阶里,爱良夜微暖。
无限。风流疏散。有暗藏弓履,偷寄香翰。明日闻津鼓,湘江上,催人还解春缆。乱红万点。怅断魂、烟水遥远。又争似相携,乘一舸、镇长见。
眉妩·戏张仲远译文及注释
译文
在那垂杨深处,高楼林立,芳草满地之处,日落西山的傍晚时分,他没有回家,竟快马加鞭直往那青楼去,进入有重重幕帘的那间房子,与那漂亮且能歌善舞的姑娘相会。一时杯声相应,艳歌响起,酒兴助歌舞,人已喝醉,两人携手沉浸在云月之间,欢乐忘了夜晚凉意。
无限风流终有分别一刻,情难忘,暗藏绣花鞋,偷寄书信互表心意。相约明天日落时,以津鼓响起为号,再聚爱情江上,释放激情,欢乐一场。好景不长犹似花落去,这样偷情愁断魂,终是烟水不能融合,相隔遥远。还是要想方设法争取长携手,同舟共济,永远不分离。
注释
眉妩:词牌名。一名“百宜娇”。《词谱》卷三十二列此词为正体。双调一百零三字,前片十一句五仄韵,后片十一句六仄韵。西汉京兆尹张敞常为妻子画眉,长安人说他“眉妩”。调名本此。
张仲远:作者友人,吴兴(今浙江湖州)人。
杜若:香草名,亦名山姜。芳草的代名词。
青楼:指豪门贵族家、娼妓住所或富贵人家闺阁。此词当有娼妓住所之意。
娉(pīng)婷:指好漂亮,娇美。
翠尊:饰以绿玉的酒器。尊:同“樽”。
弓履(lǚ):弓鞋,指旧时女人穿的鞋,秀鞋。
香翰(hàn):有香味的书函,代指情书。
津鼓:渡头更鼓。
湘江:在湖南,此处点明湘江,应在湖南,但词意当指爱情之江。
解春缆:解是解开,放开;缆是系船的缆绳;春缆乃是指男女情爱之激情。
舸(gě):大船。
镇:为镇住、永远之意。
参考资料:
1、刘乃昌.姜夔词新释辑评.北京:中国书店,2001:23-25
眉妩·戏张仲远创作背景
根据当代诗人阿袁(陈忠远)编《宋词故事》中《妒妇破容词惹祸——词人姜夔这回玩笑开大了》一文所称,此词是作者为戏友人张仲远的艳遇而作。
参考资料:
1、刘乃昌.姜夔词新释辑评.北京:中国书店,2001:23-25
2、阿袁.宋词故事.北京:九州出版社,2006:226-230
眉妩·戏张仲远鉴赏
此词上片写主人公张仲远在黄昏时到芳草之地,骑马到青楼伎馆,与美好善舞的伊人相会,尽情沉浸在酒乐之中,到了云中月里,情暖抵消夜深凉意。起笔写与情人幽会时间地点,地点在一派垂杨、园林毗连、芳草满岸之处,时间在行人欲归未归时节。接着写温馨的幽会情景,将场景由室外移向室内:两人举起玉杯相对饮酒,又听女郎唱了艳冶的情歌,主人公深受感动,两人便携手步月,深深留恋这良辰美景暖意融融的氛围。词人用“飞燕”指称女郎其人,见出她风姿俏丽,能歌善舞。
下片写欢乐终是要散,以暗藏绣鞋,偷寄情书延续和沟通感情,并且约好在闻到津鼓声时再纵情欢乐。换头承上启下,“无限风流”总拢一句,然后具体陈述风流韵事。“明日”以下写即将分别情事:渡头更鼓偏不作美,旅船待发,催人登舟;“乱红万点”以落花渲染离情;“怅断魂”设想别后烟水阻隔、两地遥望之情景。结尾三句,再起波澜,宕开一笔,遂即收结,颇见功力。这里蕴含着这种偷情生活不能长久,好似烟水之隔,要争取长携手永不分离之意。其中“暗”字、“偷”字,颇富情趣,也略略拍合题中的“戏”字。
此词从构思上由今天的欢乐终是散,想到明天或将来的期盼。从艺术上说是写得高雅而脱俗,把男女偷情约会写得精致,惟妙惟肖。从一次相会上升到希望永远不分离,围绕一个“情”字来写就不落入“情”中。是绯闻却没有绯闻核心内容,以欢歌纵酒为主要情节,没有俗的相拥,相吻痕迹,以期盼再相会,永远不分离的思想活动下笔,渲染再相会的后果。虽然永远不分离是一个虚幻的想象,但也提醒偷情人有一次就会有第二次,一发不可收,不能有此偷情念头,要洁身自好。难怪张仲远的妻子发怒抓损丈夫的面容,她也想阻止丈夫再次发生偷情之事。
到此就不难看出姜夔写此词之旨:是劝戒人们要守住道德底线,偷情是一件“怅断魂”的事。
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苏轼《
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雨中花慢·邃院重帘何处》
姜夔简介
唐代·姜夔的简介
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姜夔,南宋文学家、音乐家。人品秀拔,体态清莹,气貌若不胜衣,望之若神仙中人。往来鄂、赣、皖、苏、浙间,与诗人词家杨万里、范成大、辛弃疾等交游。庆元中,曾上书乞正太常雅乐,他少年孤贫,屡试不第,终生未仕,一生转徙江湖,靠卖字和朋友接济为生。他多才多艺,精通音律,能自度曲,其词格律严密。其作品素以空灵含蓄著称,有《白石道人歌曲》等。姜夔对诗词、散文、书法、音乐,无不精善,是继苏轼之后又一难得的艺术全才。
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翁溪园
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镇淮楼下旌旗,晶明辉映云山阁。宸旒倚重,折冲千里,无逾秋壑。缓带轻裘,纶巾羽扇,从容筹略。使毡裘胆破,丁宁边吏,无生事,空沙漠。
二十四桥风月,称断楼、卷尽帘箔。绂麟华旦,饱吟玉蕊,款簪金药。驿骑朝驰,宝鞍卖赐,御筵宣押。更赐环促如,中书入令,作汾阳郭。