题子瞻枯木
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宋代]：黄庭坚
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折冲儒墨阵堂堂，书入颜杨鸿雁行。
胸中元自有丘壑，故作老木蟠风霜。
题子瞻枯木译文及注释
译文
苏轼摆出强大的阵势，在儒家和墨家之间驰突纵横。他的书法，可跟颜真卿、杨凝式同列并行。
在他的胸中，本有着高山深谷般的境界，所以能画出老木盘屈在风霜之中的傲骨峥嵘。
注释
1.子瞻：即苏轼，字子瞻，眉州眉山（今属四川省眉山市）人，祖籍河北栾城，北宋文学家、书法家、画家。
2.折冲：原意为折退敌方的战车，即抵御敌人。诗中有纵横驰骋之意。
3.儒墨：儒家、墨家。
4.阵堂堂：阵势强大。
5.颜杨：唐代颜真卿和五代杨凝式的并称。颜真卿：唐代书法家，字清臣，京兆万年（今陕西西安）人。唐代名臣、书法家。杨凝式：字景度，号虚白，陕西华阴人。五代书法家。
6.元：本来，原先。
7.丘壑（hè）：山水幽深之处，比喻深远的意境。
8.蟠（pán）：盘曲而伏。
参考资料：
1、赵彩娟，郁慧娟，温斌编著．中国古代文学作品补选：南开大学出版社，2014.05：第197页
2、赵祖堃等选注．宋诗三百首：新疆青少年出版社，2007.03：第99页
题子瞻枯木创作背景
宋哲宗元祐三年（1088年），诗人在史局任著作佐郎。春天，苏轼知贡举（主管考试），诗人做他的属官。苏轼这年曾在醣池寺壁画了小山枯木，诗人作《题子瞻寺壁小山枯木》诗。苏轼又作枯木，诗人于是又题了这首诗。
参考资料：
1、赵彩娟，郁慧娟，温斌编著．中国古代文学作品补选：南开大学出版社，2014.05：第197页
题子瞻枯木鉴赏
诗的首句“折冲儒墨阵堂堂”说苏轼用堂堂之阵来平息儒墨之争，学术不偏激，能得其平。赞扬苏轼的学识渊博，又以“折冲”的驰骋之意表现他洋溢的才气。“书入颜杨鸿雁行”，这里不是说苏轼的书法像颜真卿、杨凝式，而是说他和颜、杨两人一样是当时第一流的书法家。这句称赞他的书法高妙，是从运笔使墨、技艺不凡而言，又已经暗含着“师心使气”而写形传神的命意。第三句“胸中元自有丘壑”是全诗之眼。不仅是说苏轼落笔之前胸中已有成像，更强调了综合学识、才艺、经历等诸多因素在其内心积蓄的丰富涵养。即唯有这样的内涵，胸中才会有这样的成像。“故作老木蟠风霜”，这历尽“风霜”的“蟠曲”“老木”，岸然苍劲，既是高明笔墨的表现，也是画家胸襟的写照。“胸中丘壑”原是东晋谢鲲形容自己的隐逸情趣，被诗人借来表现画家的外观与内力的融合。这幅枯木，是苏轼胸中的郁结自然吐露的。跟凡庸之辈不同，所以落笔作画，有“老木蟠风霜”之态。至于称赞书法，当是画上有题字的原故。最后两句巧妙地把评画和品人结合到了一起。热情地赞扬了苏轼的艺术造诣，高度评价了苏轼的人格，两者结合，自然而贴切。
这首诗前二句说苏轼在学术上有集大成的特点，书法可与颜杨并驾并驱。后二句说正是这些深厚的艺术修养、人生体验，使苏轼画出格高韵古的枯木图，达到诗、书、画三者相互圆融的艺术的化境。诗以议论开端，仍以议论承转，通篇阐述画理，到尾句才扣到枯木图上。全诗构思特点是，不光写“老木蟠风霜”，还写出了苏轼的为人，写出了他的“折冲儒墨”，写出了他的“胸中丘壑”，构思奇特。
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王建《
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寄蜀中薛涛校书》
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梅尧臣《
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古意》
黄庭坚简介
唐代·黄庭坚的简介
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黄庭坚（1045.8.9-1105.5.24），字鲁直，号山谷道人，晚号涪翁，洪州分宁（今江西省九江市修水县）人，北宋著名文学家、书法家，为盛极一时的江西诗派开山之祖，与杜甫、陈师道和陈与义素有“一祖三宗”（黄庭坚为其中一宗）之称。与张耒、晁补之、秦观都游学于苏轼门下，合称为“苏门四学士”。生前与苏轼齐名，世称“苏黄”。著有《山谷词》，且黄庭坚书法亦能独树一格，为“宋四家”之一。
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