酬丁柴桑
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魏晋]：陶渊明
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有客有客，爰来宦止。
秉直司聪，惠于百里。
飱胜如归，聆善若始。
匪惟谐也，屡有良游。
载言载眺，以写我忧。
放欢一遇，既醉还休。
实欣心期，方从我游。
酬丁柴桑译文及注释
译文
有一位来客，有一位来客，来到此地做官。
公正办事，体察民情，恩惠覆盖了百里山川。
接受至理如同回家一样欣喜，听到善言总像第一次听到那样新鲜。
我们不只是思想和谐一致，还多次愉快地共同游览。
一边谈笑，一边眺望，我心中的忧愁已经烟消云散。
遇到如此开怀的欢乐，不喝个痛快且不回返。
真高兴有位知心好友，能同我一起游玩。
注释
酬：本义为客人给主人祝酒后，主人再次给客人敬酒作答。东汉许慎《说文解字》：“酬，主人进客也。”后又指以诗文相赠答，如唱酬，酬对。丁柴桑：姓丁的柴桑县令，名字不详。
“有客”二句：意谓作者所敬重的柴桑丁县令，自外地来，居于此。有客有客：古直《陶靖节诗笺注定本》引《诗经·周颂·有客》：“有客有客。”东汉郑玄笺注：“重言之者，异之也。”爰止：袁行霈《陶渊明集笺注》：《诗经·小雅·采芑》：“鴪彼飞隼，其飞戾天，亦集爰止。”止，语助词。
秉直：即持守正义。秉，持。直，正直。司聪：逯钦立《陶渊明集》校注：“司聪，为皇帝听察民隐。”司，掌管。聪，听闻。
惠：仁爱，恩惠。于：袁行霈《陶渊明集笺注》：为。东汉郑玄《仪礼注》：“于，为也。”百里：百里之地，代指一县所管辖的区域。《汉书·百官公卿表上》：“县大率方百里。”
飱（sūn）：服食，此指吸取，听从。一作“餐”，胜：胜理，至言，指正确的道理、中肯的言论。如归：喻欣然纳之，谓汲取胜理如同归家般和乐容易。
聆善：一作“矜善”。若始：喻善言闻数次亦如初闻者虚心接纳。
匪惟：不只是，不仅仅。匪：同“非”。谐：和谐，融洽。
良游：指愉快的游赏。
载：且，又。
写（xiè）：同“泻”，卸置，去除，宣泄，倾吐。
“放欢”二句：一见就尽情欢畅痛饮，一醉方休。放欢，放开胸怀，尽情欢畅。既醉，尽醉。
实欣：实为欢欣之事。心期：以心相许，两心契合。
参考资料：
1、陈庆元等编选．陶渊明集．南京：凤凰出版社，2014：13-15
2、郭维森 包景诚．陶渊明集全译．贵阳：贵州人民出版社，1992：17-19
酬丁柴桑创作背景
柴桑县是陶渊明的家乡，柴桑县令刘程之于元兴二年（403年）弃官归隐，接替他的县令姓丁，即丁柴桑。由刘程之的介绍，陶渊明逐渐与他成了莫逆之交。此诗约作于义熙二年（406年）作者隐耕园田居之后。
参考资料：
1、陈庆元等编选．陶渊明集．南京：凤凰出版社，2014：13-15
2、郭维森 包景诚．陶渊明集全译．贵阳：贵州人民出版社，1992：17-19
酬丁柴桑鉴赏
这首诗分为两章。首章颂扬丁柴桑的贤良美德。诗的开头“有客有客，爰来宦止”，写迎客的惊喜。从诗中看，丁柴桑应该比较年轻，诗人视之为后俊。“秉直司聪”以下四句是诗人对这位贤良地方官的赞美。丁柴桑作为一县之长，能“飱胜如归，聆善若始”，是为政“惠于百里”的明证。这四句寄寓了诗人的殷切期望，也反映了陶渊明政治理想中对基层长官的要求。
接着经“匪惟谐也，屡有良游”一转，至于次章，写作者与丁柴桑在一起开怀畅游的情形和情酣意畅的心态。“载言载眺，以写我忧”就是这种场景的具体表现。“以写我忧”语出《诗经》的《邶风·泉水》和《卫风·竹竿》。“放欢一遇，既醉还休”这样无拘无束的生活是陶渊明对待挚友的常态。其诗《与殷晋安别》中有“一遇尽殷勤”句可为佐证。”实欣心期，方从我游”二句是倒装，意谓二人开始交游即定交知己，实为快心之事。诗的结尾归结到知心才是朋友结交的基础。
陶渊明与丁柴桑彼此一见如故。不是因为对丁柴桑这个父母官另有所求，而是丁柴桑“秉直司聪，于惠百里”的善德，以及“餐胜如归，矜善若始”的开明，赢得了陶渊明的敬重。另一方面，说明陶渊明也同样有丁柴桑的善德和开明，才能“方从我游”便以“心期”。向往开明，崇尚善德，正是陶渊明的秉性所在。
这首诗采用《诗经》的四言句式，写法上也有借鉴《诗经》叠章的形式，如有客有客之句，形成一种一唱三叹的效果。全诗于浓郁的情意之中，透露出和谐喜悦的交游气氛。篇幅虽短，然情酣意畅。
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李白《
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别鲁颂》
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王庭珪《
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送胡邦衡之新州贬所·其二》
陶渊明简介
唐代·陶渊明的简介
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陶渊明（约365年—427年），字元亮，（又一说名潜，字渊明）号五柳先生，私谥“靖节”，东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、文学家、辞赋家、散文家。汉族，东晋浔阳柴桑人（今江西九江）。曾做过几年小官，后辞官回家，从此隐居，田园生活是陶渊明诗的主要题材，相关作品有《饮酒》、《归园田居》、《桃花源记》、《五柳先生传》、《归去来兮辞》等。
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