金山晚眺
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宋代]：秦观
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西津江口月初弦，水气昏昏上接天。
清渚白沙茫不辨，只应灯火是渔船。
金山晚眺译文及注释
译文
西津江口，一钩初月天上悬；江中水气，迷迷蒙蒙上接天。
清江水，白沙滩，模糊一片难分辨，只有点点灯火，分明是渔船。
注释
金山：在今江苏镇江西北，原在长江之中，后因砂土堆积，清末已与长江南岸相连。宋卢宪《嘉定镇江志》卷六：“金山在江中，去城七里。”今地处江苏镇江西北。
西津：指西津渡，润州（今江苏镇江市）西面之渡口，在今镇江西北九里，与金山隔水相望，是当时南北交通要道。渚：水边的小块陆地，此处指水。沙：指沙滩。
金山晚眺创作背景
此诗作于宋神宗元丰七年（1084年）十月上旬。秦观曾于熙宁九年访湖州李公择归来，经镇江；元丰二年夏四月，乘苏轼之船经润州（今江苏镇江），大风留金山两日；元丰七年（1084年）八月十九日与滕元发等会苏轼于金山，十月复来，作《宿金山》《金山晚眺》二诗。
参考资料：
1、王兴康 等．宋诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1987：615-616
金山晚眺鉴赏
金山是江南名胜，地处今江苏镇江西北。原在长江中，后因砂土堆积，到清末便与长江南岸相连。据宋人周必大说，此山大江环绕，每风起浪涌时，其势欲飞动，故南朝时人称“浮玉山”（见《杂志》）。唐时有裴姓头陀于江边拾得黄金数镒，因改名金山。
此诗四句四景，合成一幅金山晚眺的优美图景，十分清丽。前半部分是并列的两句，分写江上的明月和蒙蒙的水气。西津在镇江西北九里，与金山隔水相望，是当时南北交通要道。诗人站于金山之颠，西向遥望，只见一轮新月，悬于西津渡口之上；江上水气，非烟非雾，正冉冉升起，几与天接。烟水迷蒙，使皎皎明月也蒙上了－层淡淡的云翳。这两句明暗交错，上下相对，不仅使画面具有明显的层次，而且避免了色调上的不和谐。“西津江口”四字，既点明“晚眺”方向，又划定了所见景色的区域。“月初弦”三字也有双重功用，既是写景，又是记时这种借星月在天空中位置移动和形状变化来点明时间的手法，古人诗中常用，远如曹植的《善哉行》：“月没参横，北斗阑干。”近如唐代刘方平的《夜月》：“北斗阑干南斗斜。”机杼正自相同。
诗的后半部分是相对的两句。“清渚”、“白沙”，则写出了月下之景。“清清白沙茫不辨”是承前一句“水气昏昏上接天”而来。白天从金山眺望西津渡，对岸景物是可以看清的，唐代诗人张祜有“树影中流见，钟声两岸闻”（《题金山寺》）之句；但此时既已入夜，又有水气，诗人眺望的结果只能是“茫不辨”了。“只应灯火是渔船”作一转折：尽管对岸清渚、白沙，望去茫茫一片，但透过水气，还能看到江上灯火，隐现明灭，诗人因此判断道：那一定是对岸的渔船了。诗人在这两句中运用了反接法，便使诗句显得摇曳生姿，别具风调，比前两句的平叙景色更引人入胜。元人刘壎在《隐居通议》中说：“作绝句，当如顾恺之啖蔗法，又当如饮建溪龙焙。”也就是说，绝句不能“虎头蛇尾”，而要“渐入佳境”。这首《金山晚眺》正体现了这一要求。
此诗脱胎于张祜的七绝《题金陵渡》：“金陵津渡小山楼，一宿行人自可愁。潮落夜江斜月里，两三星火是瓜洲。”只要稍加比较，就能看出秦观诗至少在三个方面与张祜诗相同：一，时间和地点相同，都是写镇江江面的夜间景色；二，描写手法相同，一用“潮落”、“斜月”来暗示时间的推移，一用“月初弦”来点明时间；三，境界相似，秦观诗中的“只应灯火是渔船”是化用了张祜诗的“两三星火是瓜洲”以及张继《枫桥夜泊》中的“江枫渔火对愁眠”。由此可见秦观这首诗的出处。但张祜诗明写了诗人的羁旅之愁，属触景生情，形象地表达出诗人夜不成寐的情形，而秦观诗没有直接抒写诗人的情感，而是将情感蕴涵在所描写景物之中，景中含情。这又是二者的同中之异。
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蝶恋花·独向沧浪亭外路》
秦观简介
唐代·秦观的简介
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秦观（1049-1100）字太虚，又字少游，别号邗沟居士，世称淮海先生。汉族，北宋高邮（今江苏）人，官至太学博士，国史馆编修。秦观一 生坎坷，所写诗词，高古沉重，寄托身世，感人至深。秦观生前行踪所至之处，多有遗迹。如浙江杭州的秦少游祠，丽水的秦少游塑像、淮海先生祠、莺花亭；青田的秦学士祠；湖南郴州三绝碑；广西横县的海棠亭、醉乡亭、淮海堂、淮海书院等。秦观墓在无锡惠山之北粲山上，墓碑上书“秦龙图墓”几个大字。有秦家村、秦家大院以及省级文物保护单位古文游台。
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