遣闷戏呈路十九曹长
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唐代]：杜甫
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江浦雷声喧昨夜，春城雨色动微寒。
黄鹂并坐交愁湿，白鹭群飞大剧干。
晚节渐于诗律细，谁家数去酒杯宽。
惟吾最爱清狂客，百遍相看意未阑。
遣闷戏呈路十九曹长鉴赏
唐人特别是杜甫写诗，惜字如金，标题绝不会随意涂鸦，往往大有用意。这首诗，“遣闷戏呈”这个标题正是点题之笔。“遣闷”说明诗人写诗是为了排遣憋闷，“戏呈”则表明老杜见到故人时的喜悦之情。
首句“江浦雷声喧昨夜，春城雨色动微寒”，描绘的是雷声隆隆，阴雨催寒的景象。这时诗人坐在舟中，百感交集，心中自是有些抑郁。朱瀚所说‘雷声忽送千峰雨’是杜甫另一首诗的一句，那首诗杜甫描写的是三峡春天的美景，洋溢着诗人对春雨和生活的喜爱，和这首诗抒发的情感是不同的。“喧”则更表明雷声的讨厌和无趣。喧雷、寒雨的叠加描写则更加烘托出诗人难以排泄的郁闷。
“黄鹂并坐交愁湿，白鹭群飞太剧干”，这更是佳妙之笔。“黄鹂并坐交愁湿”，同样是诗人对雷雨夜的厌恶之情。但“白鹭群飞太剧干”则是转折。“剧”对应前句“愁”，取戏剧之意，喜欢高兴的意思。如果大家在生态环境好的地方呆过，一定知道白鹭这类鸟是不太怕湿的，甚至往往喜欢在初雨时捕食，当然此时食物比较多。作者此时的心情，因为要去见路十九，“但有故人奉米禄”，怕是又少不了好酒好肉，自然非常高兴。所以看到“白鹭群飞太剧干”，想到自己喜悦之情。这是一个转折，这样就自然就过渡到了第三句。至于朱瀚说偷自”黄莺过水”，这也是杜甫诗中句子，同样是表达对春天的喜爱之情，这和这里黄莺并作的愁苦郁闷，与白鹭群飞的那种高兴喜爱是不同的感情。
第三句“晚节渐于诗律细，谁家数去酒杯宽”，这句同样情感含蓄，耐人寻味。诗人到了晚年，对自己的诗是非常自信的，“晚节渐于诗律细”。晚节渐于诗律细”的意境与“白鹭群飞太剧干”相同，皆为自信豁达高兴之意。另一方面，诗人晚年，穷困潦倒，诗作也难有知音，连推崇他的恐怕也不多。所谓“百年歌自苦，未见有知音”。而却又经常不得不寄人篱下，“已忍伶俜十年事，强移栖息一枝安”。而“谁家数去酒杯宽”则又是转折，诗人晚年诗写的那么好，却又有谁欣赏诗人，能让我去他那里一起喝酒呢？杜甫写诗，往往句法气象万千，感情千转百回，这里就是一个例证。这句看似信手拈来，却蕴含着自信、潦倒、心酸、自嘲等等多重感情，其实更是诗人晚年写诗达到炉火纯青的写照。
最后一句“惟君最爱清狂客，百遍相看意未阑”，和诗标题“遣闷戏呈”对应。对于路十九欣赏自己，诗人是很感激的。“惟君”既表达感激，也有自哀之意。
诗以言志，譬如杜诗中的燕子，既有活泼可爱的“自来自去梁上燕”，也有让人心烦的“清秋燕子故飞飞”。这首诗把诗人的情感的细微变化，通过景物和故事描绘刻画出来，似轻描淡写般无意为之，却更加深沉含蓄，不愧为“晚节渐于诗律细”、”老去诗篇浑漫与”。如朱瀚之类评论家，只懂肤浅的遣词造句，却不懂细腻感情和伟大的人格是一个大诗人和普通诗人的区别，自然也不足为奇。
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苏轼《
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浣溪沙·雪里餐毡例姓苏》
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李白《
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同友人舟行游台越作》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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