菩萨蛮·楼头尚有三通鼓
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宋代]：孙洙
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楼头尚有三通鼓，何须抵死催人去！上马苦匆匆，琵琶曲未终。
回头凝望处，那更廉纤雨。漫道玉为堂，玉堂今夜长。
菩萨蛮·楼头尚有三通鼓鉴赏
起首“楼头尚有三通鼓，何须抵死摧人去！”这两句是牢骚话：刚刚二更时分，城楼上还要敲三通鼓才天亮，何必这么死命地催人走呢！据宋洪迈《夷坚甲志》卷四，翰林学士孙洙某晚正太尉李端愿家欢宴，有美女侍妾奏乐助兴，恰逢此时朝廷宣召，心下不愿，故出怨语。“何须抵死催人去”就是本此而发的牢骚。说：“尚有三通鼓”，而不说已过二更，表示离天亮还早，希望多玩一会儿。但留连不舍之意横遭阻抑，自然转化为憾恨之情。“抵死”，犹言死命、拚命，形容竭力。对于皇帝宣召，竟是如此不情愿，可见这夜宴是何等令人留恋。“上马苦匆匆，琵琶曲未终”，一边匆匆上马，一边却还恋顾那美妙的琵琶声，深以未听到曲终为憾。琵琶的诱人魅力来自那位弹奏的女子，言外蕴含着对其人的深情眷恋。然而迷人的女乐，终究抵不住皇命的催逼，他只得无可奈何地上马离去了，但那声声琵琶似乎一直萦绕耳际。上片四句，一气流注，节奏快速，皇命催人、刻不容缓的气氛顿出，从而反衬出词人不愿从命而又不敢违命的矛盾感情。
过片写主人公恋恋不舍，人虽已上马，心尚留筵间，一路上还出神地回头凝望。但马跑得快，老天更不凑趣，又下起蒙蒙细雨，眼前只觉一片模糊，宛如织就一张漫天的愁网，连人带马给罩住了。“廉纤雨”，蒙蒙细雨。“无边丝雨细如愁”，这廉纤细雨，既阻断了视线，又搅乱了心绪；借景语抒情，情景凑泊而有酝藉之致。“漫道玉为堂，玉堂今夜长！”玉堂，翰林院的别称。玉堂供职是作者平时所自以为宋宠的，此夜却感到一种前所未有的无聊和索寞。从一个充满美酒清歌的欢乐世界，硬生生地被抛到宫禁森严的清冷官署，其懊丧和恼恨可想而知。“玉堂今夜长”，大有长夜难捱之感。对照开头“城头尚有三通鼓”，同时对于时间的感受，竟有如此不同的心理变化。这一起一结也自然形成两种情境的鲜明对比，使这首小词首尾相顾，有回环不尽之妙。
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郑谷《
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柳》
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湘驿女子《
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题玉泉溪》
孙洙简介
唐代·孙洙的简介
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孙洙（1031－1079），字巨源，广陵（今江苏扬州）人。北宋时期官吏、词人，曾经进策50篇评论时政，被韩琦称赞为“今之贾谊”。他博学多才，词作文风典雅，有西汉之风。皇祐元年（1049）进士，授秀州法曹。迁集贤校理、知太常礼院，兼史馆检讨、同知谏院。熙宁四年（1071），出知海州，元丰中官至翰林学士。元丰二年卒，年四十九。《宋史》、《东都事略》有传。著有《孙贤良集》，已佚。《全宋词》录其词二首。
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