普天乐·湖上废圃
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元代]：张可久
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古苔苍，题痕旧。
疏花照水，老叶沉沟。
蜂黄点绣屏，蝶粉沾罗袖。
困倚东风垂杨瘦，翠眉攒似带春愁。
寻村问酒，无人倚楼，有树维舟。
普天乐·湖上废圃译文及注释
译文
多年的苔藓已显得黝黑，往日题诗的痕迹还能辨别。
近岸有稀疏的野花临水，沟底沉铺着枯黄的树叶。
绣屏上残留着蜜蜂分泌的黄色液印，蝴蝶飞过，在屏画仕女的衣袖上沾上了粉屑。
垂杨伶仃，懒洋洋地随着东风倾侧，翠叶像愁眉攒聚，带着春恨千叠。
我寻找村庄买酒，无人在楼上倚立，只有空荡荡的小船在树桩上系结。
注释
蜂黄：蜜蜂分泌的黄色汁液。
维：系结。
普天乐·湖上废圃鉴赏
小令在“废圃”的“废”字上做足文章。要表现出废园的光景，当然得让事实来说话。于是作者以八句的大篇幅，来列举出种种例子。这些例示并无一定的排列规则，隐示了“触目皆是”、“信手拈出”的含义。而在具体的表现方式上，又时出变化，避免了獭祭的单调。
起首两句，以断语的形式出现。一是地上的苔藓，厚厚地铺了一层，颜色已现苍黑；一是壁上的题诗，墨迹隐约可辨，显示了陈年的特征。苔上着一“古”字，而题作则重于其“痕”，一苍一旧，呈现着荒凉残败的气象。前者反映自然，后者关合人事，这一起笔就定下了全曲的基调。
三、四两句是另一种写法，出现了动作的形象。花卉无人照料，自开自谢，所余者稀，故曰“疏花”；落叶本已枯凋，飘坠日久，用上一个“老”字，妥帖传神，几无他字可易。“照水”、“沉沟”虽含有动词，到头来却归于静止。这又在荒败的景象上增添了几分沉寂。
“蜂黄”两句是互文见义，作者有意运用“蜂黄”和“蝶粉”的近义词，也可说是一句分作两句表达。“罗袖”在诗歌中多属女性的服饰，在该曲中显然是指绣屏上残存的仕女图像。“绣屏”是室内的布置，而蜂蝶竟纷纷登堂入室，“废圃”的残破不堪，就更不在话下了。
七、八两句为垂杨写照，则用了拟人化的移情手法。前述种种都是作者的观察，虽是着意细绘，却未有直接表达情感的机会。而此两句则表现了强烈的主观感情色彩，推近了作者的主体。这就是王国维在《人间词话》中所谓的“有我之境，以我观物，故物皆着我之色彩”。这就为下文诗人的直接出场安排了过渡。
结尾作者出了场，却已是在离开废圃之后。他甚而没有就此行发表进一步的感想，因为列示的景象本身已经说明了一切。他只是以“寻村问酒”的举动来坐实自己的感伤，而“湖上”竟也是一片无人的死寂。这一结笔更加重了废圃的悲剧气氛。值得一提的是，诗人在作品中有意识地选择了足与废圃前身引起联想的景物，如花叶蜂蝶、绣屏题痕、东风垂杨等。作者虽未言明它们变化衰残的成因，但作品感慨盛衰无常的主题，却在字里行间中表现了出来。
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苏辙《
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逍遥堂会宿二首》
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徐再思《
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普天乐·垂虹夜月》
张可久简介
唐代·张可久的简介
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张可久（约1270～1348以后）字小山（一说名伯远，字可久，号小山）（《尧山堂外纪》）；一说名张可久肖像（林晋生作）可久，字伯远，号小山（《词综》）；又一说字仲远，号小山（《四库全书总目提要》），庆元（治所在今浙江宁波鄞县）人，元朝重要散曲家，剧作家，与乔吉并称“双壁”，与张养浩合为“二张”。
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