游斜川
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魏晋]：陶渊明
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辛丑正月五日，天气澄和，风物闲美，与二三邻曲，同游斜川。临长流，望曾城，鲂鲤跃鳞于将夕，水鸥乘和以翻飞。彼南阜者，名实旧矣，不复乃为嗟叹。若夫曾城，傍无依接，独秀中皋，遥想灵山，有爱嘉名。欣对不足，率共赋诗。悲日月之遂往，悼吾年之不留。各疏年纪乡里，以记其时日。
开岁倏五日，吾生行归休。
念之动中怀，及辰为兹游。
气和天惟澄，班坐依远流。
弱湍驰文纺，闲谷矫鸣鸥。
迥泽散游目，缅然睇曾丘。
虽微九重秀，顾瞻无匹俦。
提壶接宾侣，引满更献酬。
未知从今去，当复如此不？
中觞纵遥情，忘彼千载忧。
且极今朝乐，明日非所求。
游斜川译文及注释
译文
正月初五辛丑日，天气晴朗和暖，风光景物宁静优美。我与两三位邻居，一同游览斜川。面对悠然远逝的流水，眺望曾城山。夕阳中，鲂鱼，鲤鱼欢快地跃出水面，鳞光闪闪；水鸥乘着和风自由自在地上下翻飞。那南面的庐山久负盛名，我已很熟，不想再为它吟诗作赋。至于曾城山，高耸挺拔，无所依傍，秀丽地独立于平泽之中；遥想那神仙所居的昆仑曾城，就更加喜爱眼前这座山的美名。如此欣然面对曾城赏景，尚不足以尽兴，于是即兴赋诗，抒发情怀。岁月流逝不返，使我感到悲伤；美好的年华离我而去不再停留，使我内心哀痛。各位游伴分别写下年龄、籍贯，并记下这难忘的一天。
新岁匆匆又过五日，我的生命终将止休。
想到这些胸中激荡，趁此良辰携友春游。
天气和暖碧空如洗，依次列坐偎傍溪流。
缓缓流水鱼儿驰游，静静空谷高翔鸣鸥。
湖泽广阔纵目远眺，凝视曾城沉思良久。
秀美不及曾城九重，目极四周无与匹涛。
提起酒壶款待游伴，斟满酒杯相互劝酬。
尚且不知自今以后，能否如此欢乐依旧。
酒至半酣放开豪情，全然忘却千载忧愁。
今朝欢乐姑且尽兴，明日如何非我所求。
注释
斜川：地名，位置不详，当在诗人所居南村附近。据骆庭芝《斜川辨》，斜川当在今江西都昌附近湖泊中。
辛丑：一本“丑”作“酉”。据逯钦立考证，辛酉是“正月五日”的干支。
澄和：清朗和暖。
风物：风光，景物。闲美：闲静优美。
邻曲：邻居。
长流：长长的流水。
曾城：山名。曾同“层”。一名江南岭，又名天子鄣，据说上有落星寺，在庐山北。
鲂（fáng）：鱼名。
和：和风。
南阜：南山，指庐山。
名实旧矣：旧与新对应，有熟悉之意。这句意思是说，庐山的美名和美景，我久己熟悉了。
傍无依接：形容曾城高耸独立，无所依傍。
独秀中皋（gāo）：秀丽挺拔地独立在泽中高地。皋：近水处的 高地。晋代庐山诸道人《游石门诗序》说：鄣山“基连大岭，体绝众阜，此虽庐山之一隅，实斯地之奇观”。
灵山：指昆仑山最高处的曾城，又叫层城。古代神话传说，昆仑山为西王母及诸神仙所居，故曰灵山。《水经注》载：“昆仑之山三级：下曰樊桐，一名板桐；二曰玄圃，一名阆风；上曰层城，一名天庭，是谓太帝之居。”所以，灵山又称层城九重。这是诗人游斜川时，由目前所见之曾城，而联想到神仙所居的昆仑曾城，故曰“遥想灵山”。
嘉名：美名。眼前之曾城与神仙所居之曾城同名，因爱彼而及此，故曰“有爱嘉名”。
欣对不足：意思是说，高兴地面对曾城山赏景，尚不足以尽兴。
率共：本是形容贸然，轻率的样子，这里作“即兴”解。一本“共”作“尔”。
疏：有条理地分别记载。乡里：指籍贯。
开岁：指岁首。一年开始，即元旦。倏（shū）：忽然，极快。
行：即将，将要。休：生命休止，指死亡。
动中怀：内心激荡不安。
及辰：及时，趁着好日子。兹游：这次游赏，指斜川之游。
气和：天气和暖。天惟澄：天空清朗。
班坐：依次列坐。依：依傍，顺着。远流：长长的流水。
弱湍：舒缓的水流。驰：快速游动。文鲂：有花纹的妨鱼。
闲谷：空谷。矫：高飞。鸣鸥：鸣叫着的水鸥。
迥（jiǒng）泽：广阔的湖水。迥，远。散游目：纵目远望，随意观赏。
缅然：沉思的样子。睇（dì）：流盼。曾丘：即曾城。
微：无；不如。九重：指昆仑山的曾城九重。秀：秀丽。
顾瞻：即瞻前顾后，放眼四周。匹俦：匹敌，同类。
壶：指酒壶。接：接待。
引满：斟酒满杯。更：更替，轮番。献酬：互相劝酒。
从今去：从今以后。
不（fǒu）：同“否”。
中觞（shāng）：饮酒至半。纵遥情：放开超然世外的情怀。
千载忧：指生死之忧。《古诗十九首》之十五：“生年不满百，常怀千岁忧。”
极：指尽情。
参考资料：
1、龚望．陶渊明集评议．天津：南开大学出版社，2011：28-29
2、郭维森 包景诚．陶渊明集全译．贵阳：贵州人民出版社，1992：60-63
游斜川创作背景
辛丑是隆安五年（401年），这年陶渊明三十七岁。而根据逯钦立考证，辛丑应为“辛酉”，此诗当作于晋安帝义熙十年（414年），岁次甲寅，作者年五十岁。正月五日，“天气澄和，风物闲美”，他和二三邻里，偕游斜川。作者不禁欣慨交心，悲喜集怀。因创作此诗。
参考资料：
1、吴小如 等．汉魏六朝诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1992：487-488
游斜川鉴赏
这诗真实记录了作者刚入半百之年的一时心态。
诗开头四句写出游的缘由。张衡《思玄赋》说：“开岁发春。”随着新岁来临，诗人已进入五十之年（有的刻本“五十”作“五日”，未可从）。古人说：“人上寿百岁。”（《庄子·盗跖》）由此常引出人们“生年不满百”的慨叹。进入五十，正如日已过午，岁已入秋，是极足警动人心的。孔融就曾说过：“五十之年，忽焉已至。”（《论盛孝章书》）首句用“倏”，意也正同，都表现出不期其至而已至、亦惊亦慨的心情。五十一到，离开回归空无、生命休止的时候也不很远，（《淮南子·精神训》：“死，归也。”《说文》：“休，止息也。”）要“念之动中怀”了。于是，在初五那天景气和美的良辰，他作了这次出游。
次节“气和天惟澄”以下八句，充分就“游”字着笔。在一碧如洗的天幕下，游侣们分布而坐。山水景物，一一呈献在眼前：近处是微流中的彩色鱼儿在嬉游，空谷中鸣叫着的鸥鸟在高飞。作者用较华采的笔墨着意写出游的、飞的都那样自得，空中、水底无处不洋溢着生机，这其中自然也含着他的欣喜和向往。再放眼远远望去，湖水深广，曾（通“层”）丘高耸，也构成佳境，令人神驰意远。特别是这曾丘（指庐山边上的鄣山），不仅使人联想到昆仑灵山的峻洁（《后汉书·张衡传》注引《淮南子》说：“昆仑有曾城，九重，高万一千里，上有不死之树在其西”）；而且它“旁无依接，独秀中皋”（尽管它不如昆仑山曾城的真有九重），顾瞩四方，无可与比拟者，也足以对人们的人格修养有所启示。序中说：“欣对不足，率共赋诗。”因为这曾丘的诱发，才给人间留下这好诗。
三节“提壶接宾侣”四句，写出好景诱人，邻里欢饮，使诗人不禁兴起“未知从今去，当复如此否”的感念。这是对人生、对美好事物——诗中所写的风物之美、人情之美、生活之美无限热爱、执着的人自然会产生的想法，作者把人们心中所有的感念，以朴素自然的语言真率地吐露了出来。
结尾四句，写出酒至半酣，意适情遥的境界。古人说：“生年不满百，常怀千岁忧。”（《古诗十九首》）而作者却以高昂的意气唱出“忘彼千载忧”，他的人生观是超脱的。他又说：“且极今朝乐，明日非所求。”这是本有旷达胸怀、又加以“中觞纵遥情”的作者所发出的对良辰、美景、佳侣、胜游的热情赞叹，和“今朝有酒今朝醉，明日愁来明日愁”的颓废之歌是迥然异趣的。
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徐再思《
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普天乐·垂虹夜月》
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杜甫《
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寄赞上人》
陶渊明简介
唐代·陶渊明的简介
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陶渊明（约365年—427年），字元亮，（又一说名潜，字渊明）号五柳先生，私谥“靖节”，东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、文学家、辞赋家、散文家。汉族，东晋浔阳柴桑人（今江西九江）。曾做过几年小官，后辞官回家，从此隐居，田园生活是陶渊明诗的主要题材，相关作品有《饮酒》、《归园田居》、《桃花源记》、《五柳先生传》、《归去来兮辞》等。
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刘崧
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千山万山云雾堆，一声何处雁飞来。盘回欲下还惊起，月照寒潭一线开。
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雨水过后作
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：
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熊东遨
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昨夜馀寒敛，春开雨水门。露生芳草苑，人约板桥村。
待雪前因失，寻梅旧迹存。孤灯坐侵晓，不觉上朝暾。
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过曹钧隐居
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唐代：
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钱起
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荃蕙有奇性，馨香道为人。不居众芳下，宁老空林春。
之子秉高节，攻文还守真。素书寸阴尽，流水怨情新。
济济振缨客，烟霄各致身。谁当举玄晏，不使作良臣。
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次韵寇司户春怀
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宋代：
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陈师道
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讳穷怀禄得辞劳，腰折头低不复高。
梦幻更堪追鸟迹，去来何有校牛毛。
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南园
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明代：
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薛始亨
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南园文酒社，昭代几人倡。尔雅推前辈，风流继盛唐。
草深方躅泯，席冷古弦张。谁念沿洄者，睪然叹汪洋。
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绝句
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清代：
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陈忠平
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差极人臣位，南柯梦转虚。盖棺论未定，颇费史家书。