湘江曲
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唐代]：张籍
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湘水无潮秋水阔，湘中月落行人发。
送人发，送人归，白蘋茫茫鹧鸪飞。
湘江曲译文及注释
译文
秋天的湘江风平浪静，宽广无际，江上月落时出外的人乘船而去。
送人出外，我还得回去，面对茫茫的白蘋和翻飞的鹧鸪，我惆怅无限。
注释
潮：指波涛。
发：出发。
白蘋：一种植物。
鹧鸪：鸟名，叫声如“行不得也，哥哥”，听之悲切。
湘江曲鉴赏
这首诗，寓新语于古风，写来浅白轻灵而富于情韵。诗的首句先点染秋日湘江的景色。秋日湘江，无风无浪，放眼望去，更显得江面开阔。七个字中出现两个“水”字，这是诗词中常见的“同字”手法。前一个“湘水”，点明送行的地点，后一个“秋水”，点明时令正是使离人善感的秋天，笔意轻捷而富变化。联系全诗送别的情境来理解，秋江的无潮正反衬出诗人心潮难平；秋江的开阔正反照出诗人心情的愁苦抑郁。次句“湘中月落行人发”，具体交代送行的时间，是玉兔已沉、晨光熹微的黎明时分。第一句着重写空间，第二句着重写时间，而且，次句开始的“湘中”和首句开始的“湘水”，“湘”字重复，不仅加浓了地方色彩的渲染，也增强了音韵的回环往复之美。
流利自然，是乐府诗的特色之一，而在句式上用了长短句，是获得流利自然的艺术效果的一个重要因素。这首诗的后半首就是这样。“送人发，送人归”，以“顶针”格的修辞手法紧承第二句，前后连用三个“人”字，两个“送”字，两个“发”字，加强了诗的行云流水回旋复沓的旋律，而加上“发”与“归”的渐行渐远的进层描写，就对送别的意绪作了回环往复的充分渲染。如果说，前面两个七字句弹奏的还是平和舒缓的曲调，那么，“送人发，送人归”，则为变奏之声，急管繁弦，就“凄凄不似向前声”了。最后一句是写斯人已去的情景。“白蘋茫茫”是江上所见，回应开篇对秋江的描给，诗人伫立江边遥望征帆远去的伤感情态，见于言外；“鹧鸪飞”是写江边所闻，和茫茫的白蘋动静互映，那鹧鸪的“行不得也，哥哥”的啼鸣，仿佛更深微地传达了诗人内心的离愁和怅惘。这种以景结情的落句，更给读者以无穷的意味。
这首诗描述湘江畔送别时的情景，表达了诗人无比惆怅的思想感情。全诗语言浅白而情韵丰富。
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孟浩然《
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鹦鹉洲送王九之江左》
张籍简介
唐代·张籍的简介
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张籍（约767～约830），唐代诗人。字文昌，汉族，和州乌江（今安徽和县）人，郡望苏州吴（今江苏苏州）1 。先世移居和州，遂为和州乌江（今安徽和县乌江镇）人。世称“张水部”、“张司业”。张籍的乐府诗与王建齐名，并称“张王乐府”。著名诗篇有《塞下曲》《征妇怨》《采莲曲》《江南曲》。1 《张籍籍贯考辨》认为，韩愈所说的“吴郡张籍”乃谓其郡望，并引《新唐书·张籍传》、《唐诗纪事》、《舆地纪胜》等史传材料，驳苏州之说而定张籍为乌江人。
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