柳州二月榕叶落尽偶题
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唐代]：柳宗元
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柳州二月榕叶落尽偶题译文及注释
译文
官场上的失意和寄居他乡的忧思一起涌上心头，阳春二月的景象也好像到了寒秋一样，令人心意凄迷。
山城的雨后，百花凋零。榕树叶落满庭院，黄莺的啼叫也显得十分嘈杂。
注释
榕：常绿乔木，有气根，树茎粗大，枝叶繁盛。产于广东、广西等省。
宦（huàn）情：做官的情怀。
羁思（sì）：客居他乡的思绪。
凄凄：形容悲伤难过。
春半：春季二月。
迷：凄迷。
山城：这里指柳州。
尽：凋零。
榕叶满庭莺乱啼：借景讽刺当时把持朝政的守旧派人物。
参考资料：
1、宁波市气象学会 ．气候诗歌一百首 ：气象出版社 ，1998年03月第1版 ：34 ．
2、蔡启伦 ．唐代绝句选 ：山东人民出版社 ，1979年12月第1版 ：99 ．
3、刘丽君 ．唐诗三百首 ：哈尔滨出版社 ，2007.12 ：138 ．
柳州二月榕叶落尽偶题创作背景
永贞元年（805年），柳宗元参与以王叔文为首的革新运动，失败后被贬为永州司马，柳宗元从北方贬谪到荒僻的柳州，由于柳宗元对异地的气候特别敏感，故而诗人创作这首诗歌，来表达当时遭到贬谪的愤怒不满。
参考资料：
1、陆坚 ．中国咏物诗选 ：中州古籍出版社 ，1990年03月第1版 ：122-123 ．
柳州二月榕叶落尽偶题鉴赏
这首诗写于柳州刺史任上。
时当二月，又处南方温热地带，柳州早已是百花盛开、春色满园了。可是一场意外的暴风雨却洗劫了百花，送走了春色。这在过着谪居生活的诗人来说，无疑是一种精神打击。本来他还可以寄情景物，排遣内心忧怨的，而现实竟是这样冷酷无情!哀凉的心绪触发了他的诗思。
“宦情羁思共凄凄，春半如秋意转迷。”诗篇起句便直抒胸臆。“宦情”与“羁思”，原本就有必然联系。长年游宦在外，远离故土与亲人，旅途漂泊的艰辛，离亲别故的悲怨，有谁能不动心动情呢？屡遭贬窜，此种心情理当加倍沉重．“共凄凄”三字，真实地表现了作者这时候的特殊心态。“宦情”之苦与“羁思”之深叠相撞击着诗人的心扉，他要寻求解脱，而又无可奈何，在这种心境的支配下，他只好走出书房，漫步庭院。而当他目睹了已经过去大半的春光以后，这种情绪反而愈趋沉重了。“春半如秋”，用语平淡而新鲜，写出一种常人不曾，也不会有的独特感受，的确是愁人眼中之景，心中之情相互感应的凝结品。“意转迷”三字，则就“春半如秋”作承转，极言意绪的迷乱烦恼。
三、四两句，偏重叙事描写。说“山城过雨”，人们似乎还难于体味这场雨的份量和内涵，故后面紧接着补写了“百花尽”三字。此雨非早春润物之雨，它横掠山城，下得大，来得猛，涤荡万物。此一句，遥扣题面，把第二句“春半如秋”四字亦落到实处，同时又引带出末尾一句。“榕叶满庭莺乱啼”。柳州多檀椿树，冠大身屈，四枝旁出，以其不材，故能久而无伤。但是经过这场暴风雨的洗劫，那些百年老榕也叶落满庭了。此等情景令诗人伤心，莺啼之声又格外增添了一重伤感情绪。那一个“乱”字，分明是诗人心烦意乱的精神状态的真实反映。
这首诗写景肃杀萧条。写情凝重深沉。二月春光正浓之际反呈现百花凋零、榕叶满庭的暮秋景象，反激起诗人一片宦情与羁思，其构思立意均不同常态，而其遣辞造语又极平淡。苏轼《东坡题跋》曾就柳宗元的诗与陶渊明的诗作出评论说：“所贵乎枯淡者，谓其外枯而中膏，似淡而实美，渊明、子厚之流是也。”内容丰富充实而字面却略显枯干淡泊的作品，其实正是诗人苦心锤炼的结果，是诗歌创作艺术的极高境界。这样的作品往往“发纤秾于古简，寄至味于淡泊”，咀嚼久之，才能得其真味。
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柳宗元简介
唐代·柳宗元的简介
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柳宗元（773年－819年），字子厚，唐代河东（今山西运城）人，杰出诗人、哲学家、儒学家乃至成就卓著的政治家，唐宋八大家之一。著名作品有《永州八记》等六百多篇文章，经后人辑为三十卷，名为《柳河东集》。因为他是河东人，人称柳河东，又因终于柳州刺史任上，又称柳柳州。柳宗元与韩愈同为中唐古文运动的领导人物，并称“韩柳”。在中国文化史上，其诗、文成就均极为杰出，可谓一时难分轩轾。
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