菩萨蛮·白日惊飚冬已半
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清代]：纳兰性德
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惊飙掠地冬将半，解鞍正值昏鸦乱。冰合大河流，茫茫一片愁。
烧痕空极望，鼓角高城上。明日近长安，客心愁未阑。
菩萨蛮·白日惊飚冬已半译文及注释
译文
狂风席卷大地．冬天已过半。解下马鞍暂且停驻，正值黄昏，群鸦乱飞。黄河已成片成片地结冰，茫茫一片，恰如愁思不绝。
放眼望去，唯余一片野火的痕迹。高高的城楼上，鼓角连天。明日即将抵京，可游子的愁思却依然没有尽头。
注释
菩萨蛮：词牌名，本唐教坊曲，为双调，四十四字，以五七言组成。下片后二句与上片后二句字数格式相同。上下片各四句，均为两仄韵，两平韵。
惊飚（biāo）：谓狂风。晋殷仲文《解尚书表》：“洪波振壑，川洪波振壑;一惊飙拂野，林无静柯。”
解鞍：其意为解鞍下马，表示停下来。昏鸦：即乌鸦。此指黄昏之时乌鸦乱飞.。
冰合句：谓大河已为冰封，河水不再流动。李贺《北中寒》诗：“黄河冰合鱼龙死。”
烧痕：野火的痕迹。宋苏轼《正月二十日往歧亭》：“稍闻决决流冰谷，尽放青青没烧痕。”
鼓角句：鼓和号角，是古代军队使用的一种用来发号施令的鼓和号角。白居易《祭杜宵兴》诗：“城头传鼓角，灯下整衣冠。”
长安：此代指北京城。
客心句：游子的愁思没有尽头。谢朓《暂使下都夜发新林至京邑》诗：“大江流日夜，客心悲未央。”阑：残尽。
参考资料：
1、（清）纳兰性德著；侯清恒，李少辉注评．纳兰词赏析：中国言实出版社，2015.04：第138页
2、纳兰性德，徐燕婷，朱惠国著．纳兰词评注：生活·读书·新知三联书店，2014.01：第85页
菩萨蛮·白日惊飚冬已半创作背景
这首词写的是词人从边塞回来时的状况。至于具体时间，有两种说法，一种认为是康熙二十一年（1682年）觇梭龙后的归途中；另一种说法是清康熙二十三年（1684年）十一月扈从东巡的归途上。
参考资料：
1、（清）纳兰性德著,家庭书架． 纳兰词：南海出版公司，2013.10：第320页
菩萨蛮·白日惊飚冬已半鉴赏
上片勾画出一幅白日深冬归程图：“白日惊飙冬已半，解鞍正值昏鸦乱”，狂风卷折的冬日，归途昏鸦飞乱了天边的云霞，词人解鞍少驻初程。画面壮丽而又消沉，让人生出欲说难言的怅惘。“惊飚”将冬日寒风之凛冽与气候的恶劣一闻道出，精到而更有画面感。接下来的“冰合大河流，茫茫一片愁”两句，又更增添了眼前冬景的壮阔，将归程图拉伸至无限壮阔之处，有种“长河落日圆”的雄阔壮丽。
下片归程图纵横延伸。“烧痕空极望，鼓角高城上”，放眼望去，苍茫的平原上是一片野火烧过的痕迹；极目仰望，已经依稀可以看到鼓角和城墙，看来已经离家不远了。“明日近长安，客心愁未阑”，虽然明天就要回到京城，但一路上的奔波劳苦，并没有因此而消失，可见纳兰这一路上有多辛苦了。结尾两句化自谢眺《暂使下都夜发新林至京邑》“大江流日夜，客心悲未央”，在全词有画龙点睛之效，这愁便是纳兰的经典式愁，言浅意深，引人深思。
全词写景皆是昏暗凄然，景中含情，然景致壮阔处又别有一番风度。语句含悲，语调凄楚，字里行间萦绕着百转柔情，诉尽了词人真实的内心感受。
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李白《
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冬日归旧山》
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杨万里《
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稚子弄冰》
纳兰性德简介
唐代·纳兰性德的简介
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纳兰性德（1655－1685），满洲人，字容若，号楞伽山人，清代最著名词人之一。其诗词“纳兰词”在清代以至整个中国词坛上都享有很高的声誉，在中国文学史上也占有光采夺目的一席。他生活于满汉融合时期，其贵族家庭兴衰具有关联于王朝国事的典型性。虽侍从帝王，却向往经历平淡。特殊的生活环境背景，加之个人的超逸才华，使其诗词创作呈现出独特的个性和鲜明的艺术风格。流传至今的《木兰花令·拟古决绝词》——“人生若只如初见，何事秋风悲画扇？等闲变却故人心，却道故人心易变。”富于意境，是其众多代表作之一。
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