登二妃庙
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南北朝]：吴均
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折菡巫山下，采荇洞庭腹。
故以轻薄好，千里命舻舳。
登二妃庙鉴赏
二妃，即虞舜的两个妃子娥皇与女英。相传虞舜巡视南方，中途死于苍梧之野，遂葬在九嶷山。娥皇、女英起先没有随行，后来追到洞庭、湘水地区，得悉舜已去世，便南望痛哭，投水而殉。后人为祭祀她俩，特于湘水之侧建立了二妃庙(又称黄陵庙)。《方舆胜览》云:“黄陵庙在潭州湘阴北九十里。”这首诗歌颂了娥皇与女英对爱情的执著与忠贞不渝。
起句“朝云乱人目”乃是诗人登上二妃庙所见之景。太阳从东方冉冉升起，天边呈现出迷人的光彩，片片云霞犹如簇簇花团，奇诡变幻令人目不暇接。在“朝云”中，还含有宋玉《高唐赋》“旦为行云”之意，暗示了诗与男女之情有关。面对这一幅灿烂的晨景，诗人顿发奇想：这大概是“帝女湘川宿”的缘故吧。帝女，即指娥皇与女英，因她们是古帝唐尧的女儿，故有是称。这开端两句，诗人将奇丽的景致与奇特的传说结合起来，给全诗蒙上了一层神秘的色彩，一下子就攫住了读者的心。
“折菡巫山下，采荇洞庭腹”两句承“帝女”而来，写二妃对舜的那一份迷恋眷念之情。她俩或折菡萏于巫山之下，或采荇菜于洞庭之中，既以慰解缠绵不尽的相思，亦以表达对夫妇合好的向往。菡，即荷花，荷花之实为莲子，莲子谐音为“怜子”,故被古人视作多情之物。荇，生在水上的一种植物,《诗经·周南·关雎》云:“参差荇菜，左右采之。窈窕淑女，琴瑟友之。”所以荇菜也是淑女的代称。巫山、洞庭，自古便是相思之地，诗人遥想二妃追赶舜到达此地，念及将与他团聚欢会，心中正是万般喜悦。那莲子和荇菜，不正代表了她们盼望得到夫君爱怜的心声吗？
“故以轻薄好，千里命舻舳”,这二句是追述，把二妃的深情再深写了一步。折菡采荇，这一番痴情已足令人感叹了，但更令人感动的是，她们这番前来，是千里迢迢、从风波浪尖中闯过来的。轻薄，原是放荡之意，但这里是说二妃追赶夫君的意志十分坚决、一旦决定就不可收回。舻舳，船头船尾，这里代指船。二句中值得注目的是一个“故”字，有此一字，便足见得这两位弱女子的千里远行，是完全自愿的，也是完全知道前程险难的，唯因如此，她们的举动也更加感人至深了。
怀着如此的痴情，经过了如此的艰程，终于与夫君相去不远了。然而，等待她们的又是什么呢？“何事非相思，江上葳蕤竹”,在诗的结尾，诗人并不直接回答这个问题，也没有继续在这个古老传说中沉浸下去，而是笔锋呼应首联，又转回到现实中来。站在二妃庙前，诗人向四周举目远望，只见眼前的景物似乎都弥漫着一层二妃对舜的相思之情，尤其是江边一片片的翠竹，枝干斑斑点点，仿佛是浸透了二妃的相思之泪。葳蕤，纷多貌。据《述异记》记载，二妃在湘水之旁痛哭舜亡，泪下沾竹，竹纹悉为之斑，故湘竹又称湘妃竹。最后一句，诗人没有直说二妃的殉情，而是采用了以景结情的手法，把情渗透到景中，以泪竹披纷无限的画面，来透露二妃永无穷止的情思、绵绵不尽的长恨，以及自己对二妃不幸遭遇的感伤，使全诗起到了“含不尽之意见于言外”的艺术效果。
这首登临凭吊之作，将动人的传说、眼前的景物和诗人自己的心情熔于一炉，情思绵邈深挚，笔调清雅明畅，特别是结尾的截情入景，使全诗显得空灵含蓄，当真是神来之妙笔。篇末有此奇峰，全诗的意境亦为之拓深了许多。
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黄庭坚《
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徐孺子祠堂》
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陈恭尹《
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崖门谒三忠祠》
吴均简介
唐代·吴均的简介
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吴均（469年－520年），字叔庠。南朝梁史学家，文学家，时官吴兴主簿。明人辑有《吴朝清集》。
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