工之侨献琴
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明代]：刘基
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工之侨得良桐焉，斫而为琴，弦而鼓之，金声而玉应。自以为天下之美也，献之太常。使国工视之，曰：“弗古。”还之。
工之侨以归，谋诸漆工，作断纹焉；又谋诸篆工，作古窾焉。匣而埋诸土，期年出之，抱以适市。贵人过而见之，易之以百金，献诸朝。乐官传视，皆曰：“希世之珍也。”
工之侨闻之，叹曰：“悲哉世也！岂独一琴哉？莫不然矣!而不早图之，其与亡矣。”遂去，入于宕之山，不知其所终。
工之侨献琴译文及注释
译文
有一个名字叫工之侨的人得到一块上好的桐木，砍来做成了一把琴，装上琴弦弹奏起来，发声和应声如金玉之声。他自认为这是天下最好的琴，就把琴呈现给太常寺（的主管人）；（主管人）让优秀的乐师来看，乐师说：“（这个琴）不是古琴。”于是便把琴退还回来。
工之侨拿着琴回到家，跟漆匠商量，把琴身画上残断不齐的花纹；又跟刻工商量，在琴上雕刻古代的款式；把它装在匣子里埋在泥土中。过了一年挖出来，抱着它到集市上。有个达官贵人路过集市看到了琴，就用一百两黄金买了它，把它献到朝廷上。乐官们传递着观赏它，都说：“这琴真是世上少有的珍品啊！”
工之侨听到这种情况，感叹道：“这个社会真可悲啊！难道仅仅是一把琴吗？不是这样的啊!世上的事情没有不是这样的。如果不早做打算，就要和这国家一同灭亡了啊！”于是离去,至宕冥附近的山,不知道他最终去哪儿了。
注释
工之侨：虚构的人名。
良桐：上等桐木，即梧桐，青桐，木质理疏而坚，是制作古琴的好材料。桐，桐木，制古琴的材料。
斫（zhuó）：砍削。
弦而鼓：装上弦弹奏。弦、鼓，都是名词作动词用。弦：琴弦。这里作动词用，装上弦。鼓琴，指弹奏古琴。
金声而玉应：发声和应声如金玉碰撞的声音。
天下之美：天下最美的（琴）。美：美琴，形容词作名词用。
太常：太常寺，祭祀礼乐的官署。
使：让。
国工：最优秀的工匠，这里指乐师。
弗：不。
谋：谋划。
诸：兼词，之于。
篆工：刻字的工匠。刻字多用篆体字。
古窾（kuǎn）：古代的款式。窾,同"款",款式。
匣而埋诸土：（把它）装在匣子里并埋在泥土中。匣，装在匣子里。而，递进连词，并且。诸，兼语词，之于。
期（ji第一声）年：第二年；满一年。
适：到……去。
贵人：大官。
易：换，交易。
乐官：掌管音乐的官吏。
传视：大家传递看着。
希：同“稀”，稀世：世上少有。
悲哉世也：这个社会真可悲啊。
岂：难道。
独：只。
莫：没有什么。
然：如此。
其：大概，表推测的语气副词
其：代词，代指工之侨
珍:珍宝。
参考资料：
1、刘基 ．郁离子 ：1993 ，中国古籍出版社 ．
2、刘基 ．郁离子 ：上海社会科学院出版社 ，2009 ．
3、吕立汉 ．国学经典丛书—郁离子 ： 中州古籍出版社 ，2006 ．唐汉 ．郁离子：传世智慧大全 ：中国对外翻译出版社 ，2000 ．
工之侨献琴鉴赏
工之侨第一次献琴，琴虽好却遭到贬抑被退了回来。琴不仅是“良桐”所制，而且“金声而玉应”，材质、音质俱佳，因此制作者对它的评价是“天下之美”。虽然如此，这架琴经过太常寺主管人的手，又经优秀乐师们的鉴定，终被退回，而理由只有“弗古”二字。这样的理由是很可笑的。
工之侨第二次献琴，因为琴经过伪装，又是由贵人献上，竟得到极高的评价。文章比较详细地叙述工之侨伪装古琴的经过，先请漆工绘制“断纹”，再请刻字工匠刻上“古窾”，然后装在匣子里埋在地下，过了一年才拿出来。这说明工之侨把这件事做得很精心。献琴的方法也很巧妙，他不直接去献，而“抱以适市”，让别人重价买了去献，结果真的得到了极高的评价，成了“希世之珍”。
表面上看写的是琴的遭遇，实际上是写人。作者借工之侨伪造古琴试探索世风的机智，讽刺了元末一帮缺乏见识，不重真才实学而只重虚名的虚伪之人，其寓意是十分鲜明而深刻的。
文中“弗古，还之”与“世之珍也”的对比，很好地表现了当时败坏的社会风气，进一步讽刺了鼓励人们弄虚作假的封建统治者。人们不要一昧地追求新事物，被事物的外表所吸引，而不在乎事物的内在。
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刘基简介
唐代·刘基的简介
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刘基（1311年7月1日－1375年5月16日）字伯温，谥曰文成，元末明初杰出的军事谋略家、政治家、文学家和思想家，明朝开国元勋，汉族，浙江文成南田（原属青田）人，故时人称他刘青田，明洪武三年（1370）封诚意伯，人们又称他刘诚意。武宗正德九年追赠太师，谥号文成，后人又称他刘文成、文成公。他以神机妙算、运筹帷幄著称于世。刘伯温是中国古代的一位传奇人物，至今在中国大陆、港澳台乃至东南亚、日韩等地仍有广泛深厚的民间影响力。
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