酬乐天咏老见示
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唐代]：刘禹锡
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人谁不顾老，老去有谁怜。
身瘦带频减，发稀冠自偏。
废书缘惜眼，多灸为随年。
经事还谙事，阅人如阅川。
细思皆幸矣，下此便翛然。
莫道桑榆晚，为霞尚满天。
酬乐天咏老见示译文及注释
译文
人谁不顾虑要衰老，老了又有谁来对他表示爱怜？
身体渐瘦衣带越来越要收紧，头发稀少戴正了的帽子也会自己偏斜到一边。
书卷搁置起来不再看是为了爱惜眼睛，经常用艾灸是因为年迈力衰诸病多缠。
经历过的世事见多识也就广，接触了解的人越多观察起来更加一目了然。
细细想来老了也有好的一面，克服了对老的忧虑就会心情畅快无挂也无牵。
不要说太阳到达桑榆之间已近傍晚，它的霞光余辉照样可以映红满天。
注释
酬乐天：作诗酬答白居易。
顾：念，指考虑。
怜：怜惜，爱惜。
带：腰带。
频减：多次缩紧。
冠：帽子。
废书：丢下书本，指不看书。
灸（jiǔ）：艾灸，在穴位燃艾灼之。中医的一种治疗方法。
随年：适应身老体衰的需要，这里指延长寿命。
谙（ān）：熟悉。
阅人如阅川：意谓阅历人生如同积水成川一样。语出陆机《叹逝赋》：“阅水以成川，水滔滔而日度；世阅人而为世，人冉冉而行暮。”阅，经历。
幸：幸运，引申为优点。
下此：指改变对衰老的忧虑心情。下，攻下，等于说“解决”、“领悟”。此，指“顾老”，对衰老的忧虑和担心。
翛（xiāo）然：自由自在，心情畅快的样子。
桑榆：指桑、榆二星。太阳下到桑榆二星之间，天色便晚了，喻人至晚年。曹植《赠白马王彪》：“年在桑榆间，影响不能追。”
霞：霞光，这里指晚霞。
参考资料：
1、梁守中．《刘禹锡诗文选译》（修订版）．南京：凤凰出版社，2011：178
2、《刘禹锡诗文选注》编辑组．《刘禹锡诗文选注》（修订本）．西安：陕西人民出版社，1982：282
3、高志忠．《刘禹锡诗词译释》．哈尔滨：黑龙江人民出版社，1982：250
酬乐天咏老见示创作背景
唐文宗开成元年（836），六十四岁的刘禹锡以太子宾客的身份分司东都洛阳；此时，他的同龄人白居易以同样的身份留居洛阳也已三年。终于相聚在一起，彼此都十分高兴。但白居易在写给刘禹锡的《咏老赠梦得》一诗中，表现出了对衰老的一种消极悲观情绪，刘禹锡便写了这首答诗。
参考资料：
1、侯健．《养生箴言：历代名家养生诗欣赏》．北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，1994：222
酬乐天咏老见示鉴赏
诗的前六句承接白居易的原唱，表示对白居易的关于“老”的看法颇有同感。一二句写“顾老”是人之常情，人们谁都顾虑衰老，老了就没有人怜惜。接着四句进一步交代了“顾老”的原因，诗人用形象的语言作了描绘：因为衰老，身体一天天消瘦，腰带要不断地紧缩，头发渐渐稀疏，帽子就自然要偏斜。书卷废置不看，是为了保护眼睛；经常用艾灸，是为了延年益寿。
“经事还谙事……下此便翛然”四句从另一个方面谈了对“老”的看法，是针对白居易的“伤老”而言。刘禹锡认为，老固然有老的短处，但是老也有老的长处。老的短处是体衰多病，“身瘦带频减，发稀帽自偏。”老的长处是阅历丰富，“经历还谙事，阅人如阅川。”年岁大了，经历的事多了，了解的事理也多，看见过的人多了，阅历也就更加深广。仔细想起来，这也是一件幸事。所以诗人吟道：“下此便翛然。”诗人劝慰他的朋友对待衰老不要过多的忧虑，只要正确对待，便可翛然自乐。
最后两句是全诗点睛之笔，意境优美。气势豪放，大有曹操“老骥伏枥，志在千里。烈士暮年，壮心不已”之概。诗人面对衰老，不消极，不悲观，要用有生之年撒出满天的红霞。这两句诗既是诗人的内心世界的自我剖白，又是对老朋友白居易的宽慰和鼓励。
这首诗前后两段一反一正，转折自然，很有辩证的观点和说服力量。最后两句尤为精辟，实为警策之语，后人多以此自勉自励。
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陆游《
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自嘲》
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鲁迅《
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自嘲》
刘禹锡简介
唐代·刘禹锡的简介
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刘禹锡（772－842），字梦得，汉族，中国唐朝彭城（今徐州）人，祖籍洛阳，唐朝文学家，哲学家，自称是汉中山靖王后裔，曾任监察御史，是王叔文政治改革集团的一员。唐代中晚期著名诗人，有“诗豪”之称。他的家庭是一个世代以儒学相传的书香门第。政治上主张革新，是王叔文派政治革新活动的中心人物之一。后来永贞革新失败被贬为朗州司马（今湖南常德）。据湖南常德历史学家、收藏家周新国先生考证刘禹锡被贬为朗州司马其间写了著名的“汉寿城春望”。
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