五帝本纪赞
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两汉]：司马迁
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太史公曰：学者多称五帝，尚矣。然《尚书》独载尧以来，而百家言黄帝，其文不雅驯，荐绅先生难言之。孔子所传《宰予问五帝德》及《帝系姓》，儒者或不传。余尝西至空桐，北过涿鹿，东渐於海，南浮江淮矣，至长老皆各往往称黄帝、尧、舜之处，风教固殊焉。总之，不离古文者近是。予观《春秋》《国语》，其发明《五帝德》《帝系姓》章矣，顾弟弗深考，其所表见皆不虚。书缺有间矣，其轶乃时时见於他说。非好学深思，心知其意，固难为浅见寡闻道也。余并论次，择其言尤雅者，故著为本纪书首。
五帝本纪赞译文及注释
译文
太史公司马迁说：学者多称赞五帝，久远了。然而最可征而信的《尚书》，记载的独有尧以来，而不记载皇帝、颛顼、帝喾。诸子百家虽言黄帝，又涉于神怪，都不是典雅之训，所以当世缙绅们都不敢说，不可以取以为证啊。孔子所传的《宰予问五帝德》及《帝系姓》，虽称孔子所传，但儒者怀疑不是圣人之言，所以不传以为实。我曾经西至崆峒山黄帝问道于广成子处，北到黄帝尧舜之都涿鹿，东到海，南到江淮，我所经历的地方，所见过的长老，往往称颂黄帝尧舜的旧绩与其风俗教化，固来与别处有所不同。那么别的书说到黄帝的，也或者可以为证。总之，大要不背离《尚书》所记载的接近这些。我看《春秋》《国语》，这两篇发挥阐释《五帝德》《帝系姓》很彰著。顾儒者但不深考而且有的不传讲。这两篇所发挥阐述得很显著，验之风俗教化固然不同一般，都是事实，一点也不虚。况《尚书》缺亡的内容多了，岂能因为它缺亡而算了呢？它所遗失的，像黄帝以下的事情，就时时见于其他的传说中，如百家《五帝德》之类，都是其他学说。有怎么可以因为缙绅难言，儒者不传，而不选取了呢？非好学深思，心知其意的人，不能择取。而浅见寡闻者本来就难为它讲说。我按照黄帝、颛顼、帝喾、尧、舜的次序，选择其中语言比较典雅的。所以写成本纪的开头。
注释
《尚书》：即《书经》，简称《书》，我国最早的史书，是有关尧、舜、禹史事和商、周帝王言论及文告的历史文献汇编。
百家：《汉书》卷三?《艺文志》记载有《百家》篇三十九卷。一说为诸子百家。
雅：正确。驯：通“训”，准则。事有所依，文辞又美，也就是有规范的意思。
荐绅：即缙绅，有官职或作过官的人。缙：插；绅，大带。古时官员腰系大带，上插笏版（上朝用的记事手板）。
《宰予问五帝德》、《帝系姓》：《大戴礼记》和《孔子家语》中均收有这两篇文章。
空峒：山名，传说是黄帝问道于广成子处，在今甘肃省平凉市西。峒，音tóng。
指《宰予问五帝德》、《帝系姓》等上古文字写成的典籍。
顾弟：只不过。弟，同“第”。
见：音xiàn，通“现”。表见：记载。虚：虚妄。
书缺有间：《尚书》缺亡，空白很多。
轶：音yì，通“佚”，散失。
五帝本纪赞鉴赏
《五帝本纪》为《史记》的第一篇。司马迁在写这篇传记时，遇到了两个困难：一为史料的缺乏。司马迁决定从黄帝写起，而《尚书》所载的史实却是从唐尧开始的，前面有许多空白需要填补；二为史料的真伪难辨。当时的学者多称五帝，而诸子百家传说的黄帝早已被神化、文学化，难以使人完全相信。在此种情况下，司马迁作了两方面的工作：一是进行实地考察。通过到各地漫游，将民间传说和信史材料相互印证；二是对现存史料进行梳理，不仅到《春秋》《国语》等史书中去寻找材料，而且对儒家的典籍的有关记载，也给予了高度的重视。司马迁终于成功了，他不仅发现了民间传说和信史记载中的许多一致之处，而且切身感受到了各地区和不同部族的文化差异，他还在《尚书》以外找到了许多可资利用的信史材料，为他的写作奠定了坚实的基础。
这篇《五帝本纪赞》乃是对《五帝本纪》写作情况的说明。司马迁在文中连续运用转折句式，用以表达其感慨和体会。清人吴楚材、吴调侯在《古文观止》评点中，把这篇文章归结为“九转”，尽管划分略嫌琐碎，但也确实体会到作品的神韵。这些转折有的表困扰，有的表叹惋，有的表喜悦，有的表自信，均道出了司马迁写作的甘苦，造成转折委曲，往复回环的文势，颇具文简意深的效果。
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宋濂《
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送天台陈庭学序》
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苏洵《
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六国论》
司马迁简介
唐代·司马迁的简介
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司马迁（前145年-不可考），字子长，夏阳(今陕西韩城南)人，一说龙门(今山西河津)人。西汉史学家、散文家。司马谈之子，任太史令，因替李陵败降之事辩解而受宫刑，后任中书令。发奋继续完成所著史籍，被后世尊称为史迁、太史公、历史之父。他以其“究天人之际，通古今之变，成一家之言”的史识创作了中国第一部纪传体通史《史记》（原名《太史公书》）。被公认为是中国史书的典范，该书记载了从上古传说中的黄帝时期，到汉武帝元狩元年，长达3000多年的历史，是“二十五史”之首，被鲁迅誉为“史家之绝唱，无韵之离骚”。
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