李延年歌
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两汉]：李延年
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北方有佳人，绝世而独立。
一顾倾人城，再顾倾人国。
宁不知倾城与倾国？佳人难再得。
李延年歌译文及注释
译文
北国有一位美人，姿容简直是举世无双，她娴雅之性超俗而出众，不屑与众女为伍，无人知己而独立。
她看守城的将士一眼，将士弃械，墙垣失守；她对君临天下的皇帝瞧一眼，皇帝倾心，国家败亡！
纵然如此，也不能失去获得佳人的好机会。美好姑娘世所难遇、不可再得！
注释
倾城、倾国：原指因女色而亡国，后多形容妇女容貌极美。陶渊明《闲情赋》：“表倾城之艳色，期有德于传闻。”
宁不知：怎么不知道。
李延年歌创作背景
《汉书·外戚传上》记载：在一次宫廷宴会上，李延年献舞时唱了这首诗。汉武帝听后不禁感叹道：世间哪有这样的佳人呢？汉武帝的姐姐平阳公主就推荐了李延年的妹妹。汉武帝召来一见，果然妙丽善舞。从此，李延年之妹成了武帝的宠姬李夫人。李延年也更加得到宠幸。
参考资料：
1、李春祥等 ．乐府诗鉴赏辞典 ．河南 ：中洲古籍出版社 ，1990年 ：111页 ．
2、吕晴飞等 ．汉魏六朝诗歌鉴赏辞典 ．北京 ：中国和平出版社 ，1990年 ：18页 ．
李延年歌鉴赏
这首歌的起句平平，对“佳人”的夸赞开门见山，一无渲染铺垫。但其意蕴，却非同凡俗。南国秀丽，其佳人多杏目柳腰、清艳妩媚；北国苍莽，其仕女多雪肤冰姿、妆淡情深。此歌以“北方”二字领起，开笔就给所歌佳人，带来了一种与南方迥异的晶莹素洁的风神。北方的佳人何止千万，而此歌所瞩意的，则是万千佳人中“绝世独立”的一人而已，“绝世”夸其姿容出落之美，简直是并世无双；“独立”状其幽静娴雅之性，更见得超俗而出众。不仅如此，“绝世而独立”还隐隐透露出，这位佳人不屑与众女为伍，无人知已而独立栏杆的的淡淡哀愁－那就不仅是超世脱俗，而且更楚楚可怜了。这就是平中孕奇，只开篇两句，恐怕就令武帝企足引领，生出对佳人的心向神往之情了。
北方佳人既如此脱俗可爱，当其顾盼之间，又该有怎样美好的风姿呢？要表现这一点，就不太容易了。然而，这位富于才情的音乐家，却出人意外地唱出了“一顾倾人城，再顾倾人国”的奇句－她只要对守卫城垣的士卒瞧上一眼，便可令士卒弃械、墙垣失守；倘若再对驾临天下的人君“秋波那么一转”，亡国灭宗的灾祸，可就要降临其身了！表现佳人的顾盼之美，竟然发为令人生畏的“倾城”、“倾国”之语，真是匪夷所思！但如果不是这样夸张，又何以显出这位佳人惊世骇俗的美好风姿？而正因为这风姿美得令人生畏，才更让人心驰神往、倍加牵怀。如果美好的事物都那么可近而易得，恐怕就没有这样摄人心魄的吸引力了。这就是“不可畏也？伊可怀也”的人生哲理。
此歌的结尾也耐人咀嚼。上文对佳人的美好作了极度的夸张，结尾则突然一转，化为深切的惋惜之语：“宁不知倾城与倾国？佳人难再得！”美好的佳人，常常给人君带来“倾城”“倾国”的灾难。这样的例子在历史上见得还少吗？这似乎是要告诫人君，记取倾城、倾国的古鉴，不可为“佳人”所误。但接着一句则又紧摄一层？纵然是倾城、倾国，也别失去获得佳人的良机－美好的佳人，毕竟是世所难逢、不可再得的呵！这二句故作取舍两难之语，实有“欲擒故纵”之妙：愈是强调佳人之不可近，便愈见其美；而愈是惋惜佳人之难得，就愈能促人赶快去获取。作者的用意，正是要以深切的惋惜之辞，牵动武帝那难获绝世佳人的失落之感，从而迅速作出抉择。这样收束，可谓一唱三叹、余音袅袅，令人闻之而怅然不已。难怪武帝听。
《李延年歌》有三点特色。
其一，出语夸张，欲扬故抑。诗人将所咏美女赞为冠绝当代而独此一人，其美貌的程度竟至看她一眼城邦就会倾覆，再看她一眼国家就会沦亡，“美女亡国”之说最早见于《诗经·大雅·瞻卬》：“哲夫成城，哲妇倾城”，说的是男子有才能立国，女子有才毁社稷，旨在讽刺周幽王宠幸貌美而好迸谗言的褒拟以至亡国之事。此后，“倾城”、“倾国”就成了绝色美女的代名词。在《李延年歌》里，诗人极尽夸张之能事，危言耸听，但绝不是以此来昭示君王，求鉴前史，而是反其意而用之，以其具有倾城倾国的巨大魅力来极言佳人之美，达到引动君王思美之心的目的。
其二，情真意切，溢于诗间。《李延年歌》一诗，除了“其辞脱口而出，无矫揉妆束之态”外，其表达的情感是十分真挚的。李延年歌咏的佳人是自己的胞妹。无论是出于对胞妹的深爱之情而望她有个辉煌的前途，还是出于利己之心而进献胞妹，其诗中表现出的赞美都是热切的。短短几句的小诗，“倾城”、“倾国”的字眼二度出现，推荐美人的主旨非常鲜明。先言有此绝美之人，再言美人的惊人魅力，然后向君王恳切呼告：您难道不知这具有倾城倾国之貌的佳人，一旦错过就再难得到了！拳拳之心意，殷切的情感，在一咏三叹之中挣到了充分的表达，产生了沁人心脾的感染力，拨动了汉武帝的心弦。
其三，以简胜繁，以虚生实。中国画以墨为颜色，色彩可谓少矣。但那单一的墨色却可在鉴赏者的脑海中幻化出缤纷的五彩。如同齐白石的画，空白可谓多矣，但那空白处却可使人想象出无限丰美的境界。《李延年歌》只是咏叹了佳人的无双而不作具体描绘，这就势必使佳人的形象成为神秘诱人的空白，从而激发起赏诗者对她的神往、想象和渴念之情。当时在汉武帝的脑海中一定幻化出了世间最为美妙的女子形象。而后世的读诗者，更可以根据自己的审美理想、历史知识及其特有的心理素质，想象出各自心中的绝色佳人来。在歌咏美女的中国古诗中，有不少细描实写的佳句，像“手如柔荑，肤如凝脂”之类。同时也不乏以侧描虚写取胜的佳篇。如《诗经·周南·关雎》，对女子品貌的描写只有一句“窈窕淑女，君子好逑”，而浓墨渲染的是男子对她的苦苦思恋、热烈追求和结合后的欢乐喜悦，以此显示出女子的美丽可爱。《李延年歌》显然也是以这种以虚生实的艺术手法取胜的。
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李延年《
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李延年歌》
李延年简介
唐代·李延年的简介
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李延年，西汉音乐家，生年不详。汉武帝宠妃李夫人的哥哥。李延年原本因犯法而受到腐刑，负责饲养宫中的狗，后因擅长音律，故颇得武帝喜爱。一日为武帝献歌：“北方有佳人，绝世而独立，一顾倾人城，再顾倾人国。宁不知倾城与倾国，佳人难再得。”李延年的妹妹由此入宫，称李夫人。后因李夫人生下了昌邑王刘髆，李延年也得以被封“协律都尉”，负责管理皇宫的乐器，极得武帝宠幸，“与上卧起，甚贵幸，埒如韩嫣”。李夫人去世后，爱弛，太初年间，因弟弟李季奸乱后宫，汉武帝下诏灭李延年和李季兄弟宗族。
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明代：
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方孝孺
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周道昔沦丧，凤鸟收其声。纷纷徇世士，各以智术鸣。
仲舒起西都，蜀汉有孔明。下帷谈正谊，濡走济群生。
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送林丈内艰南还二首 其一
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明代：
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于慎行
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惨淡归人意，春前问去舟。参商初两地，胶漆已三秋。
雨色低津树，江光隐驿楼。庭花多所恨，不是锦衣游。
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甲寅八月约大田胡同登钓台次旧韵 其二
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明代：
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张天赋
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扫却苍苔坐满矶，青山绿水送清奇。且同白酒盈樽饮，莫惹红尘两目迷。
笑舞婆娑歌洞口，酌归酩酊过湖西。夕阳牧笛声嘹亮，惊起寒鸦古木啼。