长歌行
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两汉]：佚名
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阳春布德泽，万物生光辉。
百川东到海，何时复西归？
长歌行译文及注释
译文
园中的葵菜都郁郁葱葱，晶莹的朝露阳光下飞升。
春天把希望洒满了大地，万物都呈现出一派繁荣。
常恐那肃杀的秋天来到，树叶儿黄落百草也凋零。
百川奔腾着东流到大海，何时才能重新返回西境？
少年人如果不及时努力，到老来只能是悔恨一生。
注释
长歌行：汉乐府曲题。这首诗选自《乐府诗集》卷三十，属相和歌辞中的平调曲。
葵：“葵”作为蔬菜名，指中国古代重要蔬菜之一。《诗经·豳风·七月》：“七月亨葵及菽。”李时珍《本草纲目》说“葵菜古人种为常食，今之种者颇鲜。有紫茎、白茎二种，以白茎为胜。大叶小花，花紫黄色，其最小者名鸭脚葵。其实大如指顶，皮薄而扁，实内子轻虚如榆荚仁。”此诗“青青园中葵”即指此。
朝露：清晨的露水。晞：天亮，引申为阳光照耀。
”阳春“句：阳是温和。阳春是露水和阳光都充足的时候，露水和阳光都是植物所需要的，都是大自然的恩惠，即所谓的”德泽“。 布：布施，给予。 德泽：恩惠。
秋节：秋季。
焜黄：形容草木凋落枯黄的样子。 华（huā）：同“花”。 衰：一说读“cuī”，因为古时候没有“shuāi”这个音；一说读shuāi，根据语文出版社出版的《古代汉语》，除了普通话的规范发音之外，任何其他的朗读法都是不可取的。
百川：大河流。
少壮：年轻力壮，指青少年时代。
老大：指年老了，老年。徒：白白地。
参考资料：
1、余冠英．乐府诗选．北京：人民文学出版社，1954（第二版）：16
2、课程教材研究所，中学语文课程教材研发中心．语文·八年级·上册：人民教育出版社，2001年：216
长歌行创作背景
乐府是自秦代以来设立的朝廷音乐机关。它除了将文人歌功颂德的诗配乐演唱外，还担负采集民歌的任务。汉武帝时得到大规模的扩建，从民间搜集了大量的诗歌作品，内容丰富，题材广泛。此诗是汉乐府诗的一首。长歌行是指“长声歌咏”为曲调的自由式歌行体。
长歌行鉴赏
此诗从“园中葵”说起，再用水流到海不复回打比方，说明光阴如流水，一去不再回。最后劝导人们，要珍惜青春年华，发愤努力，不要等老了再后悔。这首诗借物言理，首先以园中的葵菜作比喻。“青青”喻其生长茂盛。其实在整个春天的阳光雨露之下，万物都在争相努力地生长。因为它们都恐怕秋天很快地到来，深知秋风凋零百草的道理。大自然的生命节奏如此，人生也是这样。一个人如果不趁着大好时光而努力奋斗，让青春白白地浪费，等到年老时后悔也来不及了。这首诗由眼前青春美景想到人生易逝，鼓励青年人要珍惜时光，出言警策，催人奋起。
这是一首咏叹人生的歌。唱人生而从园中葵起调，这在写法上被称作“托物起兴”，即“先言他物以引起所咏之辞也”。园中葵在春天的早晨亭亭玉立，青青的叶片上滚动着露珠，在朝阳下闪着亮光，像一位充满青春活力的少年。诗人由园中葵的蓬勃生长推而广之，写到整个自然界，由于有春天的阳光、雨露，万物都在闪耀着生命的光辉，到处是生机盎然、欣欣向荣的景象。这四句，字面上是对春天的礼赞，实际上是借物比人，是对人生最宝贵的东西──青春的赞歌。人生充满青春活力的时代，正如一年四季中的春天一样美好。这样，在写法上它同时又有比喻的意义，即所谓“兴而比”。
自然界的时序不停交换，转眼春去秋来，园中葵及万物经历了春生、夏长，到了秋天，它们成熟了，昔日奕奕生辉的叶子变得焦黄枯萎，丧失了活力。人生也是如此，由青春勃发而长大，而老死，也要经历一个新陈代谢的过程。这是一个不可移易的自然法则。诗人用“常恐秋节至”表达对“青春”稍纵即逝的珍惜，其中一个“恐”字，表现出人们对自然法则的无能为力，青春凋谢的不可避免。接着又从时序的更替联想到宇宙的无尽时间和无垠空间，时光像东逝的江河，一去不复返。由时间尺度来衡量人的生命也是老死以后不能复生。在这永恒的自然面前，人生就像叶上的朝露一见太阳就被晒干了，就像青青葵叶一遇秋风就枯黄凋谢了。诗歌由对宇宙的探寻转入对人生价值的思考，终于推出“少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲”这一发聋振聩的结论，结束全诗。这个推理的过程，字面上没有写出来，但读者可循着诗人思维的轨迹，用自己的人生体验来补足：自然界的万物有一个春华秋实的过程；人生也有一个少年努力、老有所成的过程。自然界的万物只要有阳光雨露，秋天自能结实，人却不同；没有自身努力是不能成功的。万物经秋变衰，但却实现了生命的价值，因而不足伤悲；人则不然，因“少壮不努力”而老无所成，就等于空走世间一趟。调动读者思考，无疑比代替读者思考高明。正由于此，使这首诗避免了容易引人生厌的人生说教，使最后的警句显得浑厚有力，深沉含蓄，如洪钟长鸣一般，深深地打动了读者的心。句末中的“徒”字意味深长：一是说老大无成，人生等于虚度了；二是说老年时才醒悟将于事无补，徒叹奈何，意在强调必须及时努力。
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