赠刘景文
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宋代]：苏轼
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一年好景君须记，最是橙黄橘绿时。(最是一作：正是)
赠刘景文译文及注释
译文
荷花凋谢连那擎雨的荷叶也枯萎了，只有那开败了菊花的花枝还傲寒斗霜。
一年中最好的景致你一定要记住，那就是在橙子金黄、橘子青绿的秋末冬初的时节啊。
注释
刘景文：刘季孙，字景文，工诗，时任两浙兵马都监，驻杭州。苏轼视他为国士，曾上表推荐，并以诗歌唱酬往来。
荷尽：荷花枯萎，残败凋谢。擎：举，向上托。雨盖：旧称雨伞，诗中比喻荷叶舒展的样子。
菊残：菊花凋谢。犹：仍然。傲霜：不怕霜冻寒冷，坚强不屈。
君：原指古代君王，后泛指对男子的敬称，您。须记：一定要记住。
正是：一作“最是”。橙黄橘绿时：指橙子发黄、橘子将黄犹绿的时候，指农历秋末冬初。
参考资料：
1、王水照 朱刚．苏轼诗词文选评：上海古籍出版社，2003：161-162
2、孙凡礼 刘尚荣．苏轼诗词选：中华书局，2005：176-177
3、张鸣．宋诗选：人民文学出版社，2004：213
赠刘景文创作背景
这首诗作于1090年（元祐五年）初冬，当时苏轼正在杭州任职，任两浙兵马都监的刘季孙也在。两人过从甚密，交易很深。诗人一方面视刘景文为国士，并有《乞擢用刘季孙状》予以举荐；另一方面赠此诗以勉励之。（苏轼赠此诗时，刘季孙已58岁了，难免有迟暮之感。）
参考资料：
1、吴小如 ．古典诗词札丛 ．天津 ：天津古籍出版社 ，2004年 ：第253-255页 ．
赠刘景文鉴赏
这首诗是诗人写赠给好友刘景文的。诗的前两句写景，抓住“荷尽”、“菊残”描绘出秋末冬初的萧瑟景象。“已无”与“犹有”形成强烈对比，突出菊花傲霜斗寒的形象。后两句议景，揭示赠诗的目的。说明冬景虽然萧瑟冷落，但也有硕果累累、成熟丰收的一面，而这一点恰恰是其他季节无法相比的。诗人这样写，是用来比喻人到壮年，虽已青春流逝，但也是人生成熟、大有作为的黄金阶段，勉励朋友珍惜这大好时光，乐观向上、努力不懈，切不要意志消沉、妄自菲薄。
苏轼的《赠刘景文》，是在元祐五年(1090)苏轼在杭州任知州时作的。《苕溪渔隐丛话》说此诗咏初冬景致，“曲尽其妙”。诗虽为赠刘景文而作，所咏却是深秋景物，了无一字涉及刘氏本人的道德文章。这似乎不是题中应有之义，但实际上，作者的高明之处正在于将对刘氏品格和节操的称颂。不着痕迹地糅合在对初冬景物的描写中。因为在作者看来，一年中最美好的风光，莫过于橙黄橘绿的初冬景色。而橘树和松柏一样，是最足以代表人的高尚品格和坚贞的节操。
古人写秋景，大多气象衰飒，渗透悲秋情绪。然此处却一反常情，写出了深秋时节的丰硕景象，显露了勃勃生机，给人以昂扬之感。因此宋人胡仔以之与韩愈《早春呈水部张十八员外》诗中“最是一年春好处，绝胜烟柳满皇都”两句相提并论，说是“二诗意思颇同而词殊，皆曲尽其妙”（《苕溪渔隐丛话》）。
荷与菊是历代诗家的吟咏对象，常给人留下美好的印象，可是为什么此诗一开头却高度概括地描绘了荷败菊残的形象，展示了一幅深秋的画面？这全然是为了强调和突出一年之中的最好景象：橙黄橘绿之时。虽然橙和橘相提并论，但事实上市人正偏重于橘，因为“橘”象征着许多美德，故屈原写《橘颂》而颂之，主要赞其“独立不迁”、“精色内白”、“秉德无私”、“行比伯夷”。此诗的结句正有此意，在表达上融写景、咏物、赞人于一炉，含蓄地赞扬了刘景文的品格和秉性。
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王安石《
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泊船瓜洲》
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袁枚《
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所见》
苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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