伐檀
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两汉]：佚名
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坎坎伐檀兮，置之河之干兮。河水清且涟猗。不稼不穑，胡取禾三百廛兮？不狩不猎，胡瞻尔庭有县貆兮？彼君子兮，不素餐兮！
坎坎伐辐兮，置之河之侧兮。河水清且直猗。不稼不穑，胡取禾三百亿兮？不狩不猎，胡瞻尔庭有县特兮？彼君子兮，不素食兮！
坎坎伐轮兮，置之河之漘兮。河水清且沦猗。不稼不穑，胡取禾三百囷兮？不狩不猎，胡瞻尔庭有县鹑兮？彼君子兮，不素飧兮！
伐檀译文及注释
译文
砍伐檀树声坎坎啊，棵棵放倒堆河边啊，河水清清微波转哟。不播种来不收割，为何三百捆禾往家搬啊？不冬狩来不夜猎，为何见你庭院猪獾悬啊？那些老爷君子啊，不会白吃闲饭啊！
砍下檀树做车辐啊，放在河边堆一处啊。河水清清直流注哟。不播种来不收割，为何三百捆禾要独取啊？不冬狩来不夜猎，为何见你庭院兽悬柱啊？那些老爷君子啊，不会白吃饱腹啊！
砍下檀树做车轮啊，棵棵放倒河边屯啊。河水清清起波纹啊。不播种来不收割，为何三百捆禾要独吞啊？不冬狩来不夜猎，为何见你庭院挂鹌鹑啊？那些老爷君子啊，可不白吃腥荤啊！
注释
坎坎：象声词，伐木声。
寘：同“置”，放置。
干：水边。
涟：即澜。
猗（yī）：义同“兮”，语气助词。
稼（jià）：播种。
穑（sè）：收获。
胡：为什么。
禾：谷物。
三百：意为很多，并非实数。
廛（chán）：通“缠”，古代的度量单位，三百廛就是三百束。
狩：冬猎。猎，夜猎。此诗中皆泛指打猎。
县（xuán）：通“悬”，悬挂。
貆（huán）：猪獾。也有说是幼小的貉。
君子：此系反话，指有地位有权势者。
素餐：白吃饭，不劳而获。
辐：车轮上的辐条。
直：水流的直波。
亿：通“束”。
瞻：向前或向上看。
特：三岁大兽。
漘（chún）：水边。
沦：小波纹。
囷（qūn）：束。一说圆形的谷仓。
飧（sūn）：熟食，此泛指吃饭。
参考资料：
1、肖复兴主编，梁士朋改编 ．中学生必背优秀诗文．太原：希望出版社，2009.1 ：2-4 ．
2、《先秦诗鉴赏辞典》.上海辞书出版社，1998年12月版，第214-216页
伐檀创作背景
这里将此篇作为反剥削诗歌看，对于当时的社会性质及诗人身份，因史料不足难以确认，姑且保留《诗经选注》的看法，即：一群伐木者砍檀树造车时，联想到剥削者不种庄稼、不打猎，却占有这些劳动果实，非常愤怒，于是你一言我一语地提出了问责。
参考资料：
1、肖复兴主编，梁士朋改编 ．中学生必背优秀诗文．太原：希望出版社，2009.1 ：2-4 ．
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佚名《
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桃夭》
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佚名《
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国风·鄘风·相鼠》
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