国风·魏风·硕鼠
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两汉]：佚名
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硕鼠硕鼠，无食我黍！三岁贯女，莫我肯顾。逝将去女，适彼乐土。乐土乐土，爰得我所。
硕鼠硕鼠，无食我麦！三岁贯女，莫我肯德。逝将去女，适彼乐国。乐国乐国，爰得我直。
硕鼠硕鼠，无食我苗！三岁贯女，莫我肯劳。逝将去女，适彼乐郊。乐郊乐郊，谁之永号？(女通汝)
国风·魏风·硕鼠译文及注释
译文
大田鼠呀大田鼠，不许吃我种的黍！多年辛勤伺候你，你却对我不照顾。发誓定要摆脱你，去那乐土有幸福。那乐土啊那乐土，才是我的好去处！
大田鼠呀大田鼠，不许吃我种的麦！多年辛勤伺候你，你却对我不优待。发誓定要摆脱你，去那乐国有仁爱。那乐国啊那乐国，才是我的好所在！
大田鼠呀大田鼠，不许吃我种的苗！多年辛勤伺候你，你却对我不慰劳！发誓定要摆脱你，去那乐郊有欢笑。那乐郊啊那乐郊，谁还悲叹长呼号！
注释
硕鼠：大老鼠。一说田鼠。
无：毋，不要。黍：黍子，也叫黄米，谷类，是重要粮食作物之一。
三岁：多年。三，非实数。贯：借作“宦”，侍奉。
逝：通“誓”。去：离开。女：同“汝”。
爰：于是，在此。所：处所。
德：恩惠。
国：域，即地方。
直：王引之《经义述闻》说：“当读为职，职亦所也。”一说同值。
劳：慰劳。
之：其，表示诘问语气。号：呼喊。
参考资料：
1、肖复兴主编，梁士朋改编 ．中学生必背优秀诗文 ．太原 ：希望出版社 ，2009.1 ：4 ．
2、蒋立甫 等 ．先秦诗鉴赏辞典 ．上海 ：上海辞书出版社 ，1998 ：217-219 ．
3、朱熹 ．诗经集传 ．上海 ：上海古籍出版社 ，1987 ：45 ．
国风·魏风·硕鼠创作背景
奴隶社会，逃亡是奴隶反抗的主要形式，殷商卜辞中就有“丧众”、“丧其众”的记载；经西周到东周春秋时代，随着奴隶制衰落，奴隶更由逃亡发展到聚众斗争，如《左传》所载就有郑国“萑苻之盗”和陈国筑城者的反抗。《硕鼠》一诗就是在这一历史背景下产生的。
参考资料：
1、蒋立甫 等 ．先秦诗鉴赏辞典 ．上海 ：上海辞书出版社 ，1998 ：217-219 ．
国风·魏风·硕鼠鉴赏
《硕鼠》全诗三章，意思相同。三章都以“硕鼠硕鼠”开头，直呼奴隶主剥削阶级为贪婪可憎的大老鼠、肥老鼠，并以命令的语气发出警告：“无食我黍（麦、苗）！”老鼠形象丑陋又狡黠，性喜窃食，借来比拟贪婪的剥削者十分恰当，也表现诗人对其愤恨之情。三四句进一步揭露剥削者贪得无厌而寡恩：“三岁贯女，莫我肯顾（德、劳）。”诗中以“汝”、“我”对照：“我”多年养活“汝”，“汝”却不肯给“我”照顾，给予恩惠，甚至连一点安慰也没有，从中揭示了“汝”、“我”关系的对立。这里所说的“汝”、“我”，都不是单个的人，应扩大为“你们”、“我们”，所代表的是一个群体或一个阶层，提出的是谁养活谁的大问题。后四句更以雷霆万钧之力喊出了他们的心声：“逝将去女，适彼乐土；乐土乐土，爰得我所！”诗人既认识到“汝我”关系的对立，便公开宣布“逝将去女”，决计采取反抗，不再养活“汝”。一个“逝”字表现了诗人决断的态度和坚定决心。尽管他们要寻找的安居乐业、不受剥削的人间乐土，只是一种幻想，现实社会中是不存在的，但却代表着他们美好的生活憧憬，也是他们在长期生活和斗争中所产生的社会理想，更标志着他们新的觉醒。正是这一美好的生活理想，启发和鼓舞着后世劳动人民为挣脱压迫和剥削不断斗争。
这首诗纯用比体，《诗经》中此类诗连同此篇只有三首，另外两首是《周南·螽斯》、《豳风·鸱鸮》。这三首的共同特点就是以物拟人，但此篇稍有不同。另两篇可以看作寓言诗，通篇比喻，寓意全在咏物中。此篇以硕鼠喻剥削者虽与以鸱鸮喻恶人相同，但《鸱鸮》中后半仍以鸟控诉鸱鸮展开，寓意包含在整体形象中，理解易生分歧；而此篇后半则是人控诉鼠，寓意较直，喻体与喻指基本是一对一的对应关系，《诗序》认为老鼠“贪而畏人”，重敛者“蚕食于民……若大鼠也”，对寓意的理解与两千年后的今人非常相近，其理就在此。
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佚名《
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无衣》
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佚名《
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蒹葭》
佚名简介
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