墨梅
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元代]:王冕
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吾家洗砚池头树,个个花开淡墨痕。
不要人夸好颜色,只流清气满乾坤。(版本一)
我家洗砚池边树,朵朵花开淡墨痕。
不要人夸颜色好,只留清气满乾坤。(版本二)
墨梅译文及注释
译文
我家洗砚池边有一棵梅树,朵朵开放的梅花都显出淡淡的墨痕。
不需要别人夸它的颜色好看,只需要梅花的清香之气弥漫在天地之间。
注释
墨梅:用墨笔勾勒出来的梅花。
吾家:我家。因王羲之与王冕同姓,所以王冕便认为王姓自是一家。
洗砚池:写字、画画后洗笔洗砚的池子。王羲之有“临池学书,池水尽黑”的传说。这里化用这个典故。
池头:池边。头 :边上。
淡墨:水墨画中将墨色分为四种,如,清墨、淡墨、浓墨、焦墨。这里是说那朵朵盛开的梅花,是用淡淡的墨迹点化成的。
痕:痕迹。
清气:梅花的清香之气。
满乾坤:弥漫在天地间。满:弥漫。乾坤:天地间。
参考资料:
1、舒梅贞,“墨梅”是淡墨色的梅花吗,《电影评介》,2006(23)
墨梅创作背景
这是一首作者王冕题咏自己所画梅花的诗作。画作为《墨梅图》,纸本,墨笔,纵31.9cm,横50.9cm。自题:“吾家洗砚池头树,个个花开淡墨痕。不要人夸好颜色,只留清气满乾坤。王冕元章为良佐作。”
墨梅鉴赏
这是一首题画诗。诗人赞美墨梅不求人夸,只愿给人间留下清香的美德,实际上是借梅自喻,表达自己对人生的态度以及不向世俗献媚的高尚情操。
开头两句“吾家洗砚池头树,朵朵花开淡墨痕”直接描写墨梅。画中小池边的梅树,花朵盛开,朵朵梅花都是用淡淡的墨水点染而成的。“洗砚池”,化用王羲之“临池学书,池水尽黑”的典故。
三、四两句盛赞墨梅的高风亮节。它由淡墨画成,外表虽然并不娇艳,但具有神清骨秀、高洁端庄、幽独超逸的内在气质;它不想用鲜艳的色彩去吸引人,讨好人,求得人们的夸奖,只愿散发一股清香,让它留在天地之间。这两句正是诗人的自我写照。王冕自幼家贫,白天放牛,晚上到佛寺长明灯下苦读,终于学得满腹经纶,而且能诗善画,多才多艺。但他屡试不第,又不愿巴结权贵,于是绝意功名利禄,归隐浙东九里山,作画易米为生。“不要人夸颜色好,只留清气满乾坤”两句,表现了诗人鄙薄流俗,独善其身,不求功勋的品格。
这首诗题为“墨梅”,意在述志。诗人将画格、诗格、人格有机地融为一体。字面上在赞誉梅花,实际上是赞赏自己的立身之德。
在这首诗中,一“淡”一“满”尽显个性,一方面,墨梅的丰姿与诗人傲岸的形象跃然纸上;另一方面令人觉得翰墨之香与梅花的清香仿佛扑面而来。从而使“诗格”、“画格”、人格巧妙地融合在一起。
《墨梅》盛赞梅花的高风亮节,诗人也借物抒怀,借梅自喻,表明了自己的人生态度和高尚情操。有意见认为,该题画诗,点出创作意图,强调操守志趣,在艺术史上甚至比《墨梅图》本身还要出名。
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题画》
王冕简介
唐代·王冕的简介
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元代诗人、文学家、书法家、画家王冕,字元章,号煮石山农,浙江诸暨人。出身农家。幼年丧父,在秦家放牛,每天利用放牛的时间画荷花,晚至寺院长明灯下读书,学识深邃,能诗,青团墨梅。隐居九里山,以卖画为生。画梅以胭脂作梅花骨体,或花密枝繁,别具风格,亦善写竹石。兼能刻印,用花乳石作印材,相传是他始创。著有《竹斋集》《墨梅图题诗》等。
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