新晴
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宋代]：刘攽
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青苔满地初晴后，绿树无人昼梦余。
唯有南风旧相识，偷开门户又翻书。
新晴译文及注释
译文
夏日初晴，诗人午睡醒来，只看到窗外的绿树和青苔。忽然一阵南风把房门吹开，又掀起桌上的书页，诗人说这是他的老相识，来偷偷访问他了。
注释
新晴：天刚放晴；刚放晴的天气。
青苔：苔藓。
梦余：梦后。
新晴鉴赏
李白《春思》诗说：“春风不相识，何事入罗帷”，这里说南风是我的老朋友，是反用其意。唐人薛能《老圃堂》诗道：“昨日春风欺不在，就床吹落读残书”，一本正经地埋怨春风吹落他正在阅读的书，这里的构思与薛诗相近，但称南风为老朋友，说它招呼不打一声，推门而入又翻书，比薛诗更见机趣活泼。又，宋释显忠《闲居》诗：“闲眠尽日无人到，自有春风为扫门。”贺铸《题定林寺》诗：“蜡屐旧痕寻不见，东风先为我开门。”句意也相近，可比读。
第一句正好和王安石“茅檐长扫静无苔”相反，展现在读者面前的是“青苔满地”，比起刘禹锡“苔痕上阶绿”来，这“苔”要多得多。同样描写幽静的境界，无苔，有苔，多苔之差是巨大的，王安石用无苔以表现“净”，刘禹锡用上阶绿之苔写独处陋室之“静”，这首诗满地之苔则因久雨初晴，其中差异不能不辨，这是提高鉴赏能力的有效方法。
第二句写午梦醒来之后，虽然只见到“一树碧无情”，但宁静恬适的心境却是非常好。经过长时间雨洗之后，树更是绿油油的，多么令人惬意！诸葛亮高卧隆中，一觉醒来，不是还高吟：“大梦谁先觉？平生我自知。草堂春睡足，窗外日迟迟”吗？想到这，诗人会心地笑了。
这首诗的妙处在于后两句。诗人把南风写成是一个十分诙谐而又善于戏谑的老朋友，他偷偷地推开了门，闯了进来，还装作爱读书的样子，正不停地翻着书。诗人为读者种了一株诗苑“惹笑树”，令人读后忍俊不禁，发出爽朗的笑声。其实，这样写并非诗人首创，发明权当属唐人，薛能的《老圃堂》有“昨日春风欺不在，就床吹落读残书”，李白的《春思》有“春风不相识，何事入罗帏”，诗人融薛、李诗句于一炉，经过锤炼锻造，又添上绝妙的“偷”字，表达效果远远超过了原作。这绝不是“偷”，而是创新。
而诗人在《致斋太常寺以杖画地成》中又用这一意境，写了：“杖藤为笔沙为纸，闲理庭前试草书。无奈春风犹制肘，等闲撩乱入衣裾。”可见，诗人对这一意境和这一手法是情有独钟。但相比较而言，还是“偷开门户又翻书”来得更自然亲切，也更有趣些。
清风翻书固然有趣，但也曾翻出莫大的悲剧来，金圣叹的“清风不识字，何必乱翻书”就翻出个文字狱来，丢了脑袋。悲乎，秦始皇首创的中国文字狱！
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黄庭坚《
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登快阁》
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刘邦《
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大风歌》
刘攽简介
唐代·刘攽的简介
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刘攽bān（1023～1089）北宋史学家，刘敞之弟。字贡夫，一作贡父、赣父，号公非。临江新喻（今江西新余）人，一说江西樟树人。庆历进士，历任曹州、兖州、亳州、蔡州知州，官至中书舍人。一生潜心史学，治学严谨。助司马光纂修《资治通鉴》，充任副主编，负责汉史部分，著有《东汉刊误》等。
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