岳阳楼
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唐代]：李商隐
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汉水方城带百蛮，四邻谁道乱周班。
如何一梦高唐雨，自此无心入武关。
岳阳楼译文及注释
译文
浩浩的汉水巍巍的方城山，强盛的楚国统辖百蛮，四邻各国也没有谁议论这乱了周班。
为什么自从迎娶了秦女做了一场高唐云雨梦，从此以后就再也没有心思去攻打武关。
注释
岳阳楼：岳阳西门城楼，唐玄宗开元中张说所建，俯临洞庭，为观览胜地。
汉水方城：原指楚国誓死抗击齐国入侵的决心。此指楚国地域广袤。汉水：水名，又称汉江。发源于今陕西宁强，流经湖北，在武汉处汇入长江，是长江最长的支流。方城，山名，在今河南叶县南。一说方城指春秋时楚国北面边境上的长城。由今河南方城县循伏牛山，北至今河南邓县，为古代著名的九塞之一。带：领有。百蛮：古代南方少数民族的总称。
周班：周室封爵的等级。
高唐雨：此指男欢女爱之事。
武关：古关隘，是秦国的南关。旧址在陕西商县东一百八十里处。
参考资料：
1、李商隐 等．李商隐集：山西古籍出版社，2006：111-112
2、王士槾．唐人万首绝句选校注：齐鲁书社，1995：326-327
3、李淼．李商隐诗三百首译赏：长春出版社，1990：402
岳阳楼创作背景
这首诗约作于唐宣宗大中元年（847）。当时，诗人由桂林北上来到岳阳楼，抚今追古，写下了这首诗。
参考资料：
1、李商隐 等．李商隐集：山西古籍出版社，2006：111-112
岳阳楼鉴赏
这首《岳阳楼》咏叹楚国由强变衰，讽谕楚王沉溺女色，使国势衰颓。李商隐的咏史诗，常常嵌入统治者沉溺于女色的慨叹，咏史中兼有爱情的色彩，是其咏史一大特色。
这首七绝前二句写楚国强大。楚国一度以方城山为城，以汉水为护城河，敢于与整个中原抗衡，秦国更不在话下。楚国统一了南方，若能乘胜前进，形势将有利于楚国。当时，诸侯四邻谁也不敢指责楚国打乱了周天下的秩序。这其实是借周失权柄、诸侯坐大之事暗喻唐王朝藩镇割据不服从中央。
后二句，语气一转，以一个设问词“如何”领起，提出一个尖锐的问题：为何楚王“一梦高唐雨”后，“自此无心入武关”？这“高唐雨”，自然是楚王在高唐梦见与女神交接。这件事是楚怀王还是楚襄王，历史上曾有很多争议。诗非具体的历史，不必去考证，只是泛指楚王即行了。历史学家会分析：秦楚之战，楚国由于政治、军事、经济等等因素，故亡于秦。但是诗是靠形象来说话的，靠神韵、兴趣来表达。君王“一梦高唐雨”以后，楚国就走向颓势了，以此暗喻唐代君主沉湎声色而缺乏远图，以表达胸中的愤懑之情。这一总趋势完全正确，所以这首七绝倒是从大处着墨，抓住了历史主流的。
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鲍照《
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咏史》
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元好问《
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玉楼春·惊沙猎猎风成阵》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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