过晋阳故城书事
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金朝]：元好问
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水上西山如挂屏，郁郁苍苍三十里。
中原北门形势雄，想见城阙云烟中。
望川亭上阅今古，但有麦浪摇春风。
君不见，系舟山头龙角秃，白塔一摧城覆没。
薛王出降民不降，屋瓦乱飞如箭镞。
汾流决入大夏门，府治移著唐明村。
只从巨屏失光彩，河洛几度风烟昏。
东阙苍龙西玉虎，金雀觚棱上云雨。
不论民居与官府，仙佛所庐余百所。
鬼役天才千万古，争教一炬成焦土。
至今父老哭向天，死恨河南往来苦。
南人鬼巫好禨祥，万夫畚锸开连岗。
官街十字改丁字，钉破并州渠亦亡。
几时却到承平了，重看官家筑晋阳。
过晋阳故城书事译文及注释
译文
惠远祠前蜿蜒着古晋国的青溪，翠绿的萍叶和银白的浪花清澈见底，
水上的悬瓮山像是卧着的屏风，一派郁郁苍苍长达三百余里。
你这中原的北门气势多么雄壮，云烟笼罩着城阙还能让人想象，
山上的望川亭看够古今巨变，只留下春风吹起的阵阵麦浪！
那龙头般的系舟山被砍去龙角，白塔无端被毁，城池惨遭扫荡，
薛王已经投降，人民还在抵抗，屋瓦就是箭头，纷纷飞向敌方！
汾河水淹没了晋阳古城，太原府被迫迁到唐明村。
自从失去这道屏障的光彩，河洛一带便遭受外族的入侵！
想当年宫殿上雕着苍龙玉虎，高耸的金雀直上空中的云雾，
不论是民居，还是官府衙门，以及那百余座佛寺道庐，
花费了多少人力和财力，为什么一把火烧成焦土！
到如父老们仍旧对天哭诉，恨当年被掠往河南被遭痛苦。
南方人迷信凶兆吉祥，将毁坏的城址开辟成田冈，
新建的太原将十字街改成丁字路，然而，谁毁坏并州谁就跟着灭亡！
什么时候才是太平盛世哟，好让人看到朝廷重建晋阳。
注释
惠远祠：即晋祠，北宋熙宁中称晋祠为惠远祠。
西山：指晋祠背后的悬瓮山。
中原北门：晋阳是北方重镇，是中原地区的北大门。
想见：想见当时晋阳城巍巍高耸插入云端。
望川亭：在晋祠圣母殿后悬瓮山巅，北齐时所建。
系舟山：在太原市北百余里。
薛王：即刘继元，刘承钧养子，本姓薛，即王位后称薛王，公元979年降宋。
大夏门：晋阳城北门之一。太原古称大夏，故名。
唐明村：即唐明镇，今太原市旧城街以北至西羊市一带。
巨屏：指晋阳城为北方巨大屏障。
河洛：指中原一带为契丹、金、蒙铁骑蹂躏。
苍龙、玉虎：指晋阳城宫殿的雕饰物。金雀觚（gū）棱：喻雕物的精致和建筑的 高大。
死恨：宋灭北汉后，将太原四万居民从太原迁往洛阳。
南人：这句说宋朝统治者讲究迷信。
畚（běn）锸（chā）：音本叉，指箩筐和铁锹。
开连岗：指来毁灭晋阳城之后，在唐明镇筑太原新城。
官街：宋朝统治者为了钉死太原龙脉，把太原街道建成丁字形。
渠：他，他们，指赵末统治者。
却到：等到。
官家：对皇帝的称呼。
参考资料：
1、吕晴飞，李观鼎．中国历代名诗今译：中国妇女出版社，1991.04：1025-1026
2、张春根．太原诗钞：三晋出版社，2014.01：98-99
过晋阳故城书事创作背景
这首诗写于金宣宗贞祐四年（1216），作者南渡黄河之前。此年二月，蒙元兵曾围攻太原。宋初对北汉首都晋阳发动围攻，双方伤亡惨重。北汉主刘继元降宋，宋太宗焚晋阳。在故城东北筑新城，即今太原市之前身。元好问登上悬瓮山，眼望晋阳故城，目睹残垣断壁，写下了此首诗。
参考资料：
1、申维辰．辽金文学第三卷：山西人民出版社，2005.01：320
过晋阳故城书事鉴赏
诗的前八句，写作者登上悬瓮山顶的望川享，鸟瞰眼前景色，美不胜收，并引触了深深盼感慨。惠远祠前的晋溪水，从悬瓮山麓汩汩流出，清澈透碧，水中绿萍嫩翠、锦鳞腾跃，掀起了一层层银白色的浪花；溪上的悬瓮山象一座巨大的卧屏，群峰竞秀，气势磅礴，草木葱郁，景象万千；这里风景优美，形势雄伟，是中原大地的北大门，当年的晋阳故城就座落在这里，可以想见那巍峨的城阙高耸入云，景象无比壮观。站在望川亭上，回想起这座古城的兴衰变迁，感慨万端，如今眼前所展现出的，只有那千顷沃野上，一层层麦浪在春风中摇曳翻滚，那座悠久的历史故城已经不复存在了。
接着，次八句，诗人回顾了晋阳故城被赵宋统治者废毁的历史。保宁元年（969），宋太祖赵匡胤率兵进攻北汉，围困晋阳。在外敌入侵时，人民表现出积极御敌、浴血奋战、宁死不屈的爱国主义精神。“薜王出降民不降，屋瓦乱飞如箭簇”，就是晋阳人民面对侵略自发抵抗的爱国爱家精神的体现。然而城池被毁，生民被迁，河山虽然依旧形胜，但已失去了昔日的光彩。“河洛几度风烟昏”，便是从历史的角度阐述“中原北门”毁废后，给中原广大人民带来的一次又一次的战乱之灾。
此后八句又从宋朝毁灭晋阳文明古迹的角度予以鞭挞。“阙”指宫门前两边供了望的楼。“觚棱”，殿堂屋角的瓦脊成方角棱形。用“苍龙”“玉虎”“金雀”等词形容之，极显其金碧辉煌、凌云欲飞的景象气势。如此宏伟壮丽的古迹，竟被付之一炬，且将民居尽焚，以致“至今父老哭向天，死恨河南往来苦”。“往来”二字，概括了数百年来无数人民的辛酸，它不仅鞭挞了宋统治者给山西人民带来的灾难，而且从另一个角度展示了山西人民眷念故乡的传统。据传被掳至河南的山西人总不忘岁时回乡祭祀祖先，“往来”时还带些特产以充路资，此亦为晋商之渊源。“南人鬼巫”四句，则矛头直指宋王朝，斥其不重人事，迷信风水，导致了“搬起石头砸自己的脚”的可悲下场。
末二句乃全诗主旨所在，前面从军事、政治、文化的角度阐述利弊，旨在希望金统治者再振围威，重建晋阳。
全诗曲折往复，词语慷慨，气势雄放。抒发了强烈反对战争的情怀。
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李商隐《
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题汉祖庙》
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倪瓒《
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人月圆·伤心莫问前朝事》
元好问简介
唐代·元好问的简介
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元好问，字裕之，号遗山，太原秀容（今山西忻州）人；系出北魏鲜卑族拓跋氏，元好问过继叔父元格；七岁能诗，十四岁从学郝天挺，六载而业成；兴定五年（1221）进士，不就选；正大元年（1224 ），中博学宏词科，授儒林郎，充国史院编修，历镇平、南阳、内乡县令。八年（1231）秋，受诏入都，除尚书省掾、左司都事，转员外郎；金亡不仕，元宪宗七年卒于获鹿寓舍；工诗文，在金元之际颇负重望；诗词风格沉郁，并多伤时感事之作。其《论诗》绝句三十首在中国文学批评史上颇有地位；作有《遗山集》又名《遗山先生文集》，编有《中州集》。
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姚合
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先生自说瀛洲路，多在青松白石间。海岸夜中常见日，
仙宫深处却无山。犬随鹤去游诸洞，龙作人来问大还。
今日偶闻尘外事，朝簪未掷复何颜。
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和严道培书院韵 其一
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宋代：
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米芾
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城头山脚旧图开，华构凌云亦壮哉。谈席昔人文献地，升堂此日豫章材。
弦歌化里清风动，麟凤天南紫气来。独奈岩阿丛桂冷，幽栖不是伟长才。
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偈
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宋代：
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释善直
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诸佛不曾出世，人人鼻孔辽天。祖师不曾西来，个个壁立千仞。
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雨中水阁闲眺
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宋代：
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苏泂
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两山正作修眉绿，一水犹如疋练横。
竟日书窗览今古，几年人世少豪英。