鹦鹉
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唐代]：罗隐
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莫恨雕笼翠羽残，江南地暖陇西寒。
劝君不用分明语，语得分明出转难。
鹦鹉译文及注释
译文
不要怨恨被关在华丽的笼子里，也不要痛恨翠绿的毛被剪得残缺不全，
江南气候温暖，而你的老家陇西十分寒冷。
劝你不要把话说得过于清楚，
话说的太清楚，人就愈加喜爱，要想飞出鸟笼就更难了。
注释
雕笼：雕花的鸟笼。
翠羽残：笼中鹦鹉被剪去了翅膀。
陇西：陇山（六盘山南段别称）以西，古传说为鹦鹉产地，俗称其为“陇客”。
君：指笼中鹦鹉。分明语：学人说话说得很清楚。
出转：指从笼子里出来获得自由。
鹦鹉创作背景
这首诗作于罗隐投靠江东，受到钱镠（liú）礼遇之时。他尽管投靠了钱镠，选择“偏安江南”，但是他仍然思念唐代国都长安，仍然不忘自己报效唐皇的理想。他很苦闷，但又无从发泄，这首《鹦鹉》小诗便是在这种情况下创作的。
参考资料：
1、谢真元主编．《唐诗300首鉴赏（汉英对照）》：中国对外翻译出版公司，2006.9：第139页
鹦鹉鉴赏
三国时候的名士祢衡有一篇《鹦鹉赋》，是托物言志之作。祢衡为人恃才傲物，先后得罪过曹操与刘表，到处不被容纳，最后又被遣送到江夏太守黄祖处，在一次宴会上即席赋篇，假借鹦鹉以抒述自己托身事人的遭遇和忧谗畏讥的心理。罗隐的这首诗，命意亦相类似。
诗人在江南见到的这头鹦鹉，已被人剪了翅膀，关进雕花的笼子里，所以用上面两句话来安慰它：且莫感叹自己被拘囚的命运，这个地方毕竟比你的老家要暖和多了。话虽这么说，“莫恨”其实是有“恨”，所以细心人不难听出其弦外之音：尽管现在不愁温饱，而不能奋翅高飞，终不免叫人感到遗憾。罗隐生当唐末纷乱时世，虽然怀有匡时救世的抱负，但屡试不第，流浪大半辈子，无所遇合，到五十五岁那年投奔割据江浙一带的钱镠，才算有了安身之地。他这时的处境，跟这头笼中鹦鹉颇有某些相似。这两句诗分明写他那种自嘲而又自解的矛盾心理。
鹦鹉的特点是善于学人言语，后面两句诗就抓住这点加以生发。诗人以告诫的口吻对鹦鹉说：你还是不要说话过于明白吧，明白的话你出去就更难了！这里含蓄的意思是：语言不慎，足以招祸；为求免祸，必须慎言。当然，鹦鹉本身是无所谓出语招祸的，显然又是作者的自我比况。据传罗隐在江东很受钱镠礼遇。但祢衡当年也曾受过恩宠，而最终仍因忤触黄祖被杀。何况罗隐在长期生活实践中养成的愤世嫉俗的思想和好为讥刺的习气，一时也难以改变，在这种情况下，诗人对钱谬产生某种疑惧心理，完全是可理解的。
这首咏物诗，不同于一般的比兴托物，而是借用向鹦鹉说话的形式来吐露自己的心曲，劝鹦鹉实是劝自己，劝自己实是抒泄自己内心的悲慨，淡淡说来，却意味深长。
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罗隐简介
唐代·罗隐的简介
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罗隐（833-909），字昭谏，新城（今浙江富阳市新登镇）人，唐代诗人。生于公元833年（太和七年），大中十三年（公元859年）底至京师，应进士试，历七年不第。咸通八年（公元867年）乃自编其文为《谗书》，益为统治阶级所憎恶，所以罗衮赠诗说：“谗书虽胜一名休”。后来又断断续续考了几年，总共考了十多次，自称“十二三年就试期”，最终还是铩羽而归，史称“十上不第”。黄巢起义后，避乱隐居九华山，光启三年（公元887年），55岁时归乡依吴越王钱镠，历任钱塘令、司勋郎中、给事中等职。公元909年（五代后梁开平三年）去世，享年77岁。
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