咏素蝶诗
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南北朝]：刘孝绰
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随蜂绕绿蕙，避雀隐青薇。
映日忽争起，因风乍共归。
出没花中见，参差叶际飞。
芳华幸勿谢，嘉树欲相依。
咏素蝶诗译文及注释
译文
素蝶与群蜂共同盘旋在绿草中，又忽而被飞来的鸟雀冲散，躲避在青青的花叶之中。
群蝶一会儿在阳光下翩翩起舞，互相追逐，一会儿又与突然吹来的风共舞于花草之中。
素蝶时而出没于百花之中，时而穿行于密叶之间。
百花千万不要凋谢啊，这美好的树木乃是欲相依起舞之处。
注释
素蝶：白蝴蝶。
蕙（huì）：香草名。所指有二——一指薰草，俗称佩兰，古人佩之或作香焚以避疫。二指蕙兰，叶似草而稍瘦长，暮春开花，一茎可发八九朵，气逊于兰，色也略淡。
青薇：指嫩青的细叶。
映日：日光映照。
乍：忽然。
出没：出入。
见：同“现”。
参差：纷纭繁杂。
叶际：叶子中间。
芳华：香花，此处泛指百花。
幸：表示希望之辞。
谢：凋谢。
嘉树：对树的美称。
依：依附、托身。
参考资料：
1、孟繁森．《咏物诗注析》．太原：山西教育出版社，2004：34-35
2、邓魁英，袁本良．《古诗精华》．成都：巴蜀书社，2000：812-813
3、广西师范大学中国古代文学研究室．《中国历代名诗分类大典（2）》．南宁：广西人民出版社，1990：324
4、刘文忠．《汉魏六朝诗选》．西安：太白文艺出版社，2004：293
5、胡大雷．《齐梁体诗选》．保定：河北大学出版社，2004：148
咏素蝶诗创作背景
刘孝绰虽在南朝文名颇盛，但因恃才傲物而为人们所忌恨，仕途数起数伏。于是，作者便写了这首诗以表示自己遭受多次沉浮后依然对为官抱有追求和渴望。
参考资料：
1、青于蓝考试研究室．《高考语文核按钮·考点突破》．武汉：武汉出版社，2014：109
咏素蝶诗鉴赏
这首咏蝶诗体物入微，描摹传神，是一首难得的佳作。
诗的前六句，诗人以细腻的笔触，描绘了素蝶的动人形象。这些诗句犹如电影中的镜头，伴随着由绿蕙、青薇、阳光、春风、红花、碧树组成的背景的不断转换，展示出了素蝶轻盈飘然、千姿百态的身影。不仅如此，诗人在表现素蝶时，还融人了感情色彩，既写它飞花舞叶的喜悦，也写它映日顺风的欢快，更写它受鸟雀追逐的悲哀，从而赋予了素蝶栩栩如生的神情。这些传神的描摹，固然得之于表现手法的精巧，但若诗人不作细致的观察，不作设身处境的体验，恐怕不可能如此形神俱妙地将素蝶的风姿表现出来。
但如果仅止于此，那也不过是一幅蝴蝶写生而已，然而诗人并没有只停留在对素蝶作穷形尽相的描摹，，而是在动态描写中进步一写出了蝶蝴的“命运”。不要看它是一只蝴蝶，它同样有悲欢，有升沉，有追求。它要随蜂避雀，要映日因风，有“争起”的奋斗，也有“共归”的退隐，在花中叶际穿来飞去，归宿到底何在呢。“芳华幸勿谢，嘉树欲相依”二句，进一层展示了它的情感，诗句以素蝶自诉的口吻诉说希望百花不要凋零。这一感情的表白，透露出了素蝶内心对未来的不安以及对生命的追求，全诗由此而更显蕴藉深厚。同时，在这两句中诗人假托蝴蝶的口吻，对蝴蝶的前途给出了答案：它所向往的是一株花繁叶茂、生机无限的“嘉树”以求庇护依托。因此也可以懂得为什么诗人钟情于“素蝶”而不是“彩蝶”。显然，“素蝶”是一种象征。“素”既表示品格高洁，又暗示命运坎坷。它不能象彩蝶那样风云际会，洋洋得意，而必须寻求一个有力的保护者才有前途。刘孝绰的一生并不平坦。“前后五免”，多次遭受打击。这首《咏素蝶诗》或许就是他的一种自我表白。
沈祥龙曾指出：“咏物之作，在借物以寓性情。凡身世之感，君国之忧，隐然蕴于其内，斯寄托遥深，非沾沾焉咏一物矣。”联系诗人刘孝绰的生平，当可看出，此诗并非泛泛咏蝶之作，而寄寓了诗人的身世之感。据《南史·刘孝绰传》记载，孝绰自小聪颖异常，颇得梁武帝萧衍及昭明太子萧统的推重。然其为人好仗气负才，有不合意，便极言诋訾，由是与世乖仵，一生宦途屡起屡蹶，最后以“坐受人绢一束，为饷者所讼，左迁信威临贺王长史，晚年忽忽不得志”。于此诗中，诗人一方面借洁白的蝴蝶以表示自己品质的高尚与纯洁，一方面借蝶之口表示自己在遭受到多次沉浮之后，依然对仕宦的渴望与追求。然而诗人索物寄意，已将物象与意念融合为一体，故既得题中之精蕴，又有题外之远致，读者或作咏蝶欣赏，或作寄慨体味，均可感其妙，这正是一般咏物诗所难以企及的。
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李白《
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观放白鹰二首》
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下一首：
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李商隐《
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一片》
刘孝绰简介
唐代·刘孝绰的简介
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（481—539）南朝梁彭城人，本名冉，字孝绰，小字阿士。七岁能文，年十四，代父起草诏诰，号“神童”。梁武帝天监初，起家著作佐郎。后迁尚书水部郎。作诗得武帝嗟赏。累擢秘书丞，廷尉卿。被到洽所劾，免官。位终秘书监。
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