渔家傲·雪里已知春信至
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宋代]:李清照
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雪里已知春信至,寒梅点缀琼枝腻。香脸半开娇旖旎,当庭际,玉人浴出新妆洗。
造化可能偏有意,故教明月玲珑地。共赏金尊沈绿蚁,莫辞醉,此花不与群花比。
渔家傲·雪里已知春信至译文及注释
译文
白雪皑皑,满眼银色世界。就在这银色的世界里,一树寒梅点缀其间。那覆雪悬冰的梅枝,晶莹剔透,别在枝头的梅花,丰润姣洁。就是从这傲雪而放的梅花,人们才知道了春天就要到来的消息。梅花含苞初绽,娇美可怜,芳气袭人,就像庭院里刚刚出浴,换了新妆的美人。
大自然可能也有偏爱,她怜爱这娇艳的梅花,作为陪衬,才让月光这样皎洁清澈,玲珑剔透,洒满大地。让我们举杯开怀畅饮吧,值此花好月圆雪白的良宵,品酒赏梅,一醉方休。要知道,群花竞艳,谁也逊色于梅花呀。
注释
渔家傲:词牌名。《词谱》卷十四云:“此调始自晏殊,因词有‘神仙一曲渔家傲’句,取以为名。”双调六十二字。
春信:春天的消息。琼枝:此指覆雪悬冰的梅枝。梅枝著雪,白如玉枝,故称。
点缀:稍加装饰衬托,使事物更加美好。琼枝:像美玉制成的枝条。腻:这里形容清瘦的梅枝着雪后变得粗肥光洁。
香脸:指女人敷着胭脂散发香味的面颊。此处用以比拟半开着的散发芳香的梅花。旖旎(yǐ nǐ):柔美貌。
玉人:美人。此处用以比梅花。
造化:天地,大自然。
玲珑:明亮貌。
金尊:珍贵的酒杯。尊:同“樽”。沈:同“沉”。绿蚁:本来指古代酿酒时上面浮的碎的屑沫子,也叫浮蚁,后来衍为酒的代称。
参考资料:
1、陈祖美.李清照作品赏析集.成都:巴蜀书社,1992:32-35
2、陈忠涛 王亚.今生最爱李清照.北京:首都经济贸易大学出版社,2012
渔家傲·雪里已知春信至创作背景
据山西古籍出版社的《李清照集》所附李清照年谱,此词作于宋徽宗建中靖国元年(1101),那年李清照十八岁。
参考资料:
1、陈忠涛 王亚.今生最爱李清照.北京:首都经济贸易大学出版社,2012
渔家傲·雪里已知春信至鉴赏
这是一首咏梅词。上片写寒梅初放。何逊《扬州早梅》:“兔园标物序,惊时最是梅。衔霜当露发,映雪凝寒开。”梅花,她开于冬春之交,最能惊醒人们的时间意识,使人们萌生新的希望。所以被认为是报春之花。因为梅花斗雪迎寒而开,诗人咏梅,又总以冰雪作为空间背景。庾信《咏梅花》诗:“常年腊月半,已觉梅花阑。不信今春晚,俱来雪里看。树动悬冰落,枝高出手寒……”这里,“琼枝”就指覆雪悬冰的梅枝。半放的寒梅点缀着它,愈显得光明润泽。词人接着用“犹抱琵琶半遮面”的美女形容将开未开之梅的轻盈娇美,用玉人浴出形容梅的玉洁冰清,明艳出群:即物即人,梅已和人融成了一片。
下片转用侧面烘托。梅花偏宜月下观赏,造物有意,故教月色玲珑透剔,使暗香浮动,疏影横斜。值此良宵,且备金樽、绿蚁,花前共一醉。绿蚁,酒面的浮沫。白居易《问刘十九》:“绿蚁新醅酒,红泥小火炉。”《历代诗话》引《古隽考略》:“绿蚁,酒之美者,泛泛有浮花,其色绿。”
这首词,银色的月光,金色的酒樽,淡绿的酒,晶莹的梅织成了一幅画,写得如梦如幻,空灵优美。与前人的咏梅诗词相比,此词艺术上有所创新。词人抓住寒梅主要特征,用比喻、拟人、想象等多种手法,从正面刻画梅花形象。在对寒梅作了总体勾勒之后,又以生花妙笔点染其形象美和神态美。同时,此时做到了移情于物,以景传情,意中有景,景中寄意,体现了李词的特色。
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李清照简介
唐代·李清照的简介
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李清照(1084年3月13日~1155年5月12日)号易安居士,汉族,山东省济南章丘人。宋代(南北宋之交)女词人,婉约词派代表,有“千古第一才女”之称。所作词,前期多写其悠闲生活,后期多悲叹身世,情调感伤。形式上善用白描手法,自辟途径,语言清丽。论词强调协律,崇尚典雅,提出词“别是一家”之说,反对以作诗文之法作词。能诗,留存不多,部分篇章感时咏史,情辞慷慨,与其词风不同。有《易安居士文集》《易安词》,已散佚。后人有《漱玉词》辑本。今有《李清照集校注》。
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