十一月中旬至扶风界见梅花
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唐代]：李商隐
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素娥(é)惟与月，青女不饶霜。
为谁成早秀，不待作年芳。
十一月中旬至扶风界见梅花译文及注释
译文
梅花开满了路边，亭亭而立，花容艳丽；未到时节就开放了，散发着浓郁的芳香。
嫦娥与月光相伴，一副清冷的样子；青霄玉女之冷峭胜过了严霜。
手中空握满把的梅花，却不知寄往何方；与梅花伤心离别的时候又恰好碰上我悲愤欲绝。
梅花为了谁造成了过早开花，而不等到报春才开花，成为旧历新年时的香花呢？
注释
扶风：即今陕西扶风县。
匝路亭亭艳：匝（zā）路，围绕着路；亭亭，昂然挺立的样子。
非时裛裛香：非时，不合时宜，农历十，一月不是开花的时节，梅花却开了，所以说“非时”；裛裛（yìyì），气味郁盛的样子。
素娥惟与月：素娥，嫦娥；惟与，只给。
青女：霜神。
赠远虚盈手：赠远，折梅寄赠远方的亲朋；虚，空；盈手，满手。
伤离适断肠：伤离，因为离别而感伤；适，正。
早秀：早开花。十一月中旬开的梅花，是早开的梅花。
不待作年芳：待，等待。作年芳，为迎接新年而开花芬芳。
参考资料：
1、（唐）李商隐．《李商隐集 （第二版）》 ：山西古籍出版社，2006：56页
十一月中旬至扶风界见梅花创作背景
这首咏物写于何年，诸说不一，可能是诗人于公元851年（大中五年）应东川节度使柳仲郢聘请为书记，入蜀时所作。他的《韩冬郎即席二首》，有“剑栈风樯各苦辛，别时冬雪到时春”句。作者赴蜀，在这年冬天，有《悼伤后赴东蜀辟至散关遇雪》一诗。这首诗或者是在这年所作。
参考资料：
1、上海辞书出版社文学鉴赏辞典编纂中心．《唐诗鉴赏辞典珍藏本 下》 ：上海辞书出版社，2012.01：1858-1859
十一月中旬至扶风界见梅花鉴赏
素娥惟与月，青女不饶霜。
“匝路亭亭艳，非时裛裛香。”一开头就奇峰突起，呈现异彩。裛裛，香气盛貌。虽然梅树亭亭直立，花容清丽，无奈傍路而开，长得不是地方。虽然梅花囊哀清芬，香气沁人，可是梅花过早地在十一月中旬开放，便显得很不适时宜。这正是“情以物迁，辞以情发”，作者的感情通过咏梅来表达。作者的品格才华，恰好正像梅花的“亭亭艳”、“裛裛香”。作者牵涉到牛李党争中去，从而受到排挤，以及长期在过漂泊的游幕生活，也正是处非其地。
“素娥惟与月，青女不饶霜。”二句清怨凄楚，别开意境。同是月下赏梅，作者没有发出“月明林下美人来”的赞叹，把梅花比作风姿姣好的美人；也没有抒写“月中霜里斗婵娟”（《霜月》）一类的颂词，赞美梅花傲霜的品格；而是手眼独出，先是埋怨“素娥”的“惟与月”，继而又指责“青女”的“不饶霜”。原来在作者眼里，嫦娥让月亮放出清光，并不是真的要给梅花增添姿色，就是没有梅花，她也会让月色皎洁的。嫦娥只是赞助月亮，并不袒佑梅花的。青女不是要使梅花显出傲霜品格才下霜的，而是想用霜冻来摧折梅花，所以她决不会因为梅花开放而宽恕一点，少下些霜。一种难言的怨恨，淡淡吐出，正与作者身世感受相映照。
写到这里，作者的感情已达到饱和。突然笔锋一转，对着梅花，怀念起朋友来了：“赠远虚盈手，伤离适断肠。”想折一把梅花来赠给远方的朋友，可是仕途坎坷，故友日疏，即使折得满把的梅花也没有什么用。连寄一枝梅花都办不到，更觉得和朋友离别的可悲，所以就哀伤欲绝，愁肠寸断了。“伤离”句一语双关，既含和朋友离别而断肠，又含跟梅花离别而断肠，这就更加蕴蓄隽永。
“为谁成早秀？不待作年芳。”，在这里表达了他对梅花的悲痛，这种悲痛正是对自身遭遇的悲痛。联系到诗人很早就以文才著名，所以受到王茂元的赏识，请他到幕府里去，把女儿嫁给他。王茂元属于李德裕党，这就触怒了牛僧孺党。在牛党得势时，他就受到排斥，不能够进入朝廷，贡献他的才学，这正像梅花未能等到春的到来而过早开放一样。这一结，就把自伤身世的感情同开头呼应，加强了全篇的感情力量。咏物诗的最高境界是“写气图貌，既随物以宛转；属采附声，亦与心而徘徊”。意思是依照事物的形貌来描绘，委婉地再现其形象；同时，也曲折地传达出内心的感情。这首诗正是这样。梅花是一定时空中盛开的梅花，移用别处不得。与之同时，又将诗人的身世从侧面描绘出来。两者融合得纹丝合缝，看不出一点拼凑的痕迹，是作者深厚功力的表现。
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姜夔《
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暗香疏影》
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严蕊《
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如梦令·道是梨花不是》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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明代：
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张宁
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网小须频撒，舟轻宜慢摇。水深行近岸，鱼上晚乘潮。
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三月初诣祖父母父母各墓所 其四
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明代：
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林熙春
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金狮玉简锁棉洋，母氏栖神是故乡。天马当前鞍一轴，云龙数下诰三章。
百年已竭和熊苦，今日方彰却鲊良。春暮不催风雨至，对扬甫毕见天浆。