花犯·苔梅
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宋代]：王沂孙
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古婵娟，苍鬟素靥，盈盈瞰流水。断魂十里。叹绀缕飘零，难系离思。故山岁晚谁堪寄。琅玕聊自倚。谩记我、绿蓑冲雪，孤舟寒浪里。
三花两蕊破蒙茸，依依似有恨，明珠轻委。云卧稳，蓝衣正、护春憔悴。罗浮梦、半蟾挂晓，幺凤冷、山中人乍起。又唤取、玉奴归去，余香空翠被。
花犯·苔梅译文及注释
译文
苔梅苍古却如美人，苍苔细长如发，梅花白似女子的面颊，身姿雅淡高洁，生长在水边，临水照影，顾盼生姿。幽香浓郁，十里之外，都让人断魂。可叹它身上长的绀绿的苔须瓢飘荡荡，难以系住我对离去的友人的思念我的悲伤。在家乡的山中，还能给谁寄去一枝梅花。 独自倚着如玉的青竹，徒然地想起往昔在大雪之夜，我披着蓑衣，乘着一叶孤舟于风雪中赏雪。
梅花如今也是三两朵的残蕊罢了，稀稀落落的点缀在草木萦茸之间，梅花点点如珠飘落，似有摇落之恨。梅花隐于深山，洁雅闲静，苔丝如衣，却因庇护寒夜开放的梅花而憔悴。可惜梅花只在梦中，残月挂在空中，天色将明，梅花在寒风里盛开，我乍然惊醒，想要唤取梦中的梅花，只是梅魂归去，梦醒后仅留下梅花的余香。
注释
花犯：周邦彦自度曲。又名《绣鸾凤花犯》。“犯”，意为“犯调”，是将不同的空调声律合成一曲，使音乐更为丰富。双调，一百零二字。前段十句，六仄韵；后段九句，四仄韵。
苔梅：枝干上长有苔藓之梅。据周密《乾淳起居注》云：“苔梅有二种：宜兴张公洞者，苔藓甚厚，花极香；一种出越土，苔如绿丝，长尺余。”
婵娟：形态美好。
苍鬟（huán）素靥（yè）：形容苔丝如发鬟般飘垂。《梅谱》云：“苔梅有苔须垂于枝间，或长数寸，风至飘飘，殊为可玩。”“素”字，极写梅花的冰姿雪容。靥者，及指妇女面容，以此喻梅花。
盈盈：风姿仪态之美
瞰（kàn）流水：流水倒映梅姿，梅姿风态万千。梅奇水清，相映成趣
绀（gàn）缕：深青色的丝缕，此以指梅树上的苔丝。词人飘泊在外，本来离思正苦，眼下见苔丝飘失零落，更勾起满腹心思，纵使绀缕飘零，亦难系住。
故山：指故乡家山。岁晚：指暮年。谁堪寄：则谓无人可以寄语。
琅：指青竹。
三花两蕊：即梅干上破苔丝而出的小梅，言明数量稀少。
蒙茸：谓梅花貌蓬松。
依依：隐约之意。
云卧：言其高洁，不沾尘俗污垢。
蓝衣：即“蓝缕”之衣，此以指梅树苔衣。古指隐逸之士。
罗浮梦：柳宗元《龙城录》载，隋开皇中赵师雄迁罗浮，日暮于松林酒肆旁见一美人，淡妆素服出迎， 与语，芳香袭人，因与扣酒家共饮。 师雄醉寝，醒来以后，起视，乃在梅花树下。后则以罗浮梦喻梅花， 亦作“罗浮魂”。
半蟾：犹半月，以蟾为月之代称。
挂晓：月悬晓空，天将明。
幺凤：鸟名。羽毛五色，形状如传说中凤凰而体形较小，故称幺凤。因其常于桐花开时来集桐树上，又名桐花凤。
玉奴：南朝齐东昏侯妃潘氏， 小字玉儿，齐亡后，义不受辱，被缢后，洁美如生。此指梅花。
参考资料：
1、邹德金．名家注评全宋词·下卷．天津：天津古籍出版社，2009年：第325-326页
花犯·苔梅创作背景
梅花，异芬清绝，天赋高格。其幽贞之姿，凌寒之质，为历代诗人所倾慕。王沂孙这首苔梅词，当作于德佑二年（1276）三月宋奉表降元、临安失守之后。
参考资料：
1、蔡骏．新编词谱词例选评：合肥工业大学出版社，2013年：第241页
花犯·苔梅鉴赏
“古婵娟，花鬟素靥，盈盈瞰流水”，以“古”字起笔描绘苔梅的苍古清奇之美。“古”字，以树龄之老，暗寓历尽沧桑、阅世甚深之意。“断魂十里”承结前意，然后又一笔撇去，以“叹”字领起，写出“叹绀缕飘零，难系离思。”打入离思羁情“叹”字着力极深，道出悲怀之苦、离思之深。再叹一声，则“故山岁晚谁堪寄。琅玕聊自倚”。“独在异乡为异客”，思乡之情，对于每一个羁旅之人，也是不可缺少的一道精神大菜。况人在暮年，孤寂无聊，心境自然极度忧伤家国丧乱之痛更使词人心绪纷乱，思前想后，往事历历如昨。想当年身披绿蓑，驾起孤舟，在寒浪里冲雪横渡，寻梅探胜。其情其景，悠哉乎。可往事不再，又有：“谩记我、绿蓑冲雪，孤舟寒浪里。”“谩记”是笔下着力之处，极言其不堪回首、想也无益的悲怆心情，感情色彩异常强烈、愁惨。
“三花两蕊破蒙茸”再点梅景。“破”字生动地写出小梅钻破苔丝而吐出花蕾的动态。“依依似有恨、明珠轻委。”小梅吐蕾较迟，似有别样情怀。“恨”字含意，着落在“明珠轻委”四字。
小梅之恨在于游者任意攀折。如若联系到古谣：“西湖明珠自天降，龙凤飞舞到钱塘。”则德祐之难对于词人的词意不言自明。张惠言说：“碧山咏物诸篇，并有君国之忧。”以此验证，“明珠轻委”的寓意自可明了。以明珠轻委为山河易手之恨，与篇首“古”字最为切合。虬于古梅所俯瞰的除了流水之外，还有人间兴亡。明珠遭弃，国已不国，“云卧稳，蓝衣正、护春憔悴”却是古梅常态。“云卧”，言其高洁，不沾尘俗污垢。“稳”字，意谓深固不移。这三句写临安失守，而马麟夏禹王像古梅根深难徙，依然独守其处。它虽绀缕飘零，然而梅干苔丝依旧护守着残留的春光和憔悴的梅花。这自然是词人的自白：仕元，但感情上始终留恋南宋。词人不久即辞官归隐。元僧掘毁宋帝六陵，词人也曾作过控诉。他与张炎、周密等结社唱和，抒写亡国之痛。所以在“护春憔悴”的悲吟中也有几分“病翼惊秋，枯形阅世”的痛楚。然而在当时的情势下，词人只能空作兴亡之叹而已。分析至此，作者之心境只能如此。
“罗浮梦、半蟾挂晓，幺凤冷、山中人乍起”。几句面对着憔悴的梅花，词人日夜愁思。罗浮梦，事见《龙城录》乃讲隋人赵师雄在梅花树下的艳遇。后遂称梅花梦为罗浮梦，因而以结末二句一意贯串再加点化，写下了“又唤取、玉奴归去，余香空翠被苏轼《次韵杨公济奉议梅花》云：“月地云阶漫一樽，玉奴终不负东昏。临春结绮荒荆棘，谁信幽香是返魂。”咏梅而涉及玉奴，盖指梅花香气乃旧时贵妃灵魂归来所化。唤“玉奴归去”，又是写呼梅同去。
这一切是那样地清冷、空寂。以上四句所写的梦醒、人去的心理活动，都着眼于空虚二字，委婉深曲地表达了词人心中怅然若失的凄怆心境。
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崔道融《
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梅花》
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赵令畤《
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菩萨蛮·春风试手先梅蕊》
王沂孙简介
唐代·王沂孙的简介
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王沂孙，字圣与，号碧山、中仙、玉笥山人。会稽（今浙江绍兴）人，年辈大约与张炎相仿，入元后曾任庆元路学正。有《花外集》，又名《碧山乐府》。
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臧之狐裘。
败我于狐骀。
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摘芳词·莺声寂太平时
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：
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宋一鸿
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良夜迢迢低玉绳，望双星。罗衣偷卸若为情，细叮咛。
拗住银钩红烛背，悄无声。是何意态意怦怦。问卿卿。
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姑苏馆上元前一夕陪使客观灯之集
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宋代：
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杨万里
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节物催人又一年，银花莲炬照金尊。
麝鎚官样陪公讌，粉茧卿风忆故园。
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坐槐阴偶书
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明代：
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钟芳
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人事推迁可奈何，纷纷蝼蚁上南柯。功名频看匣中镜，岁月真如机上梭。
蜀魄有怀终陨血，寒鸦无力欲填河。坐深庭院浑忘倦，凉露沾衣感慨多。