多丽·咏白菊
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宋代]：李清照
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小楼寒，夜长帘幕低垂。恨萧萧、无情风雨，夜来揉损琼肌。也不似、贵妃醉脸，也不似、孙寿愁眉。韩令偷香，徐娘傅粉，莫将比拟未新奇。细看取、屈平陶令，风韵正相宜。微风起，清芬酝藉，不减酴醿。
渐秋阑、雪清玉瘦，向人无限依依。似愁凝、汉皋解佩，似泪洒、纨扇题诗。朗月清风，浓烟暗雨，天教憔悴度芳姿。纵爱惜、不知从此，留得几多时。人情好，何须更忆，泽畔东篱。
多丽·咏白菊译文及注释
译文
长夜里，虽然放下了帘幕，小楼上依旧寒气逼人。可恨那萧萧飒飒的无情风雨，在夜里摧残着如玉的白菊。 看那白菊，不似杨贵妃的微红醉脸，也不似孙寿的娇柔愁眉。韩令偷香，徐娘傅粉，他们的行径都不能拿来与白菊相比。细细看着，屈原和陶令，孤傲高洁的品性正与白菊相宜。微风吹起，白菊的清香蕴藉，丝毫不亚于淡雅的荼蘼。
秋天将尽，白菊愈发显得雪清玉瘦，似向人流露出它无限依恋的惜别情怀。你看它似忧愁凝聚，在汉皋解佩；似泪洒于纨扇题诗。有时是明月清风，有时是浓雾秋雨，老天让白菊在日益憔悴中度尽芳姿。我纵然爱惜，但不知从此还能将它留下多少时候。唉！世人如果都晓得爱护、欣赏，又何须再去追忆、强调屈原和陶渊明的爱菊呢？
注释
多丽：词牌名，一名“鸭头绿”，一名“陇头泉”，139字。此词是《漱玉词》中最长的一首。
潇潇：疾厉的风雨声。一作“萧萧”。
琼肌：指花瓣像玉一般的白菊。
贵妃醉脸：此句意谓：杨贵妃醉酒以后的脸蛋儿，就像李正封诗中的牡丹花那样娇艳动人。
韩令偷香：韩令，指韩寿。徐娘傅粉：徐娘，指梁元帝的妃子徐昭佩。
看取：看着。取，语助词。
屈平陶令：屈平是屈原的名，字原，又自名正则，字灵均。陶令：指陶渊明，一名潜，字元亮，曾任彭泽令。
蕴藉（yùn jiè）：宽和有涵容。
酴醾（tú mí）：即荼蘼，花名，初夏开白色花。
秋阑：秋深。
瘦：一作“度”。
汉皋（gāo）解佩：汉皋，山名，在今湖北襄阳西北。佩：古人衣带上的玉饰。此处当指男子有外遇。
纨（wán）扇题诗：纨扇，细绢制成的团扇。
泽畔东篱：指代屈原、陶潜二位爱菊的诗人。
参考资料：
1、陈祖美．李清照作品赏析集．成都：巴蜀书社，1992：62-66
多丽·咏白菊创作背景
此词当为李清照前期的作品。陈祖美《李清照简明年表》：宋徽宗崇宁三年（1104年），李清照为党祸之松紧所左右，时居汴京，时返济南原籍。作《小重山》《多丽》等。一说此词作于大观元年（1107年）。
参考资料：
1、陈祖美．李清照作品赏析集．成都：巴蜀书社，1992：251
多丽·咏白菊鉴赏
在李清照的词中，“花”是出现得最多的意象。她笔下的花，不仅有人的情志，如“宠柳娇花”（《念奴娇·萧条庭院》），“梅心惊破”（《孤雁儿·藤床纸帐朝眠起》）；而且有眉、腮，如“柳眼梅腮”（《蝶恋花·暖雨晴风初破冻》）；有肌骨，如“玉骨冰肌”（《瑞鹧鸪·双银杏》）；因而也有肥瘦，如“绿肥红瘦”（《如梦令·昨夜雨疏风骤》）。菊花纤细，这里就用“揉损琼肌”来描写菊花的纤纤玉骨。然后进一步用四个历史人物来作类比反衬。贵妃醉脸，是对牡丹的比喻。李正封《咏牡丹》有“国色朝酣酒，天香夜染衣”，唐玄宗认为可比杨妃醉酒（见《松窗杂录》）。作者通过铺陈贵妃、孙寿、韩令、徐娘等典故，来说明白菊既不似杨妃之富贵丰腴，更不似孙寿之妖娆作态。其香幽远，不似韩寿之香异味袭人；其色莹白，不似徐娘之白，傅粉争妍。她是屈子所餐，陶潜所采。屈原《离骚》有“朝饮木兰之坠露兮，夕餐秋菊之落英”；陶渊明《饮酒》之五有“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”。细赏此花，如对直臣高士，香淡风微，清芬酝藉，不减于酴釄。酴釄，即荼蘼花，花黄如酒，开于春末。
下片续写，用一“渐”字表示时间推移，秋阑菊悴。“雪清玉瘦”呼应“揉损琼肌”，紧扣白菊在风雨中挣扎自立从开到谢的神态。这里不说人对残菊的依恋，反说菊愁凝泪洒，依依惜别。用班婕妤“汉皋解佩”的典故，以“秋扇见捐”自喻。这两个典说的都是得而复失、爱而遭弃的失落、捐弃的悲哀。怅惘之情，融入朗月清风，浓烟暗雨之中，又通过这既清朗、又迷离的境界具象化。同时，它又暗示了，菊既不同流俗，就只能在此清幽高洁，又迷蒙暗淡之境中任芳姿憔悴。
词人不胜惜花、自惜之情，倒折出纵使怜爱之极，亦不能留花片时。情不能堪处，忽宕开作旷达语：只要人情自适其适，应时菊赏，且休忆他屈子忠贞，行吟泽畔；陶潜放逸，采菊东篱。
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司空图《
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白菊三首》
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李清照《
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忆秦娥·咏桐》
李清照简介
唐代·李清照的简介
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李清照（1084年3月13日～1155年5月12日）号易安居士，汉族，山东省济南章丘人。宋代（南北宋之交）女词人，婉约词派代表，有“千古第一才女”之称。所作词，前期多写其悠闲生活，后期多悲叹身世，情调感伤。形式上善用白描手法，自辟途径，语言清丽。论词强调协律，崇尚典雅，提出词“别是一家”之说，反对以作诗文之法作词。能诗，留存不多，部分篇章感时咏史，情辞慷慨，与其词风不同。有《易安居士文集》《易安词》，已散佚。后人有《漱玉词》辑本。今有《李清照集校注》。
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明代：
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吴与弼
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峭拔立云端，能生逆旅欢。但惜世无摩诘手，不能移向画图看。
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杂画
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：
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何孟春
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莫道春风好，春风易白头。
君看花里鸟，亦有世间愁。
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四月八日漫作
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：
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弘历
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浴佛传佳节，清和景尚妍。每因逢此日，不禁忆当年。
儿女花真幻，昔今时久迁。齐云遥在望，愧我未忘缘。