天香·蜡梅
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宋代]：吴文英
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蟫叶黏霜，蝇苞缀冻，生香远带风峭。岭上寒多，溪头月冷，北枝瘦、南枝小。玉奴有姊，先占立、墙阴春早。初试宫黄澹薄，偷分寿阳纤巧。
银烛泪深未晓。酒钟悭、贮愁多少。记得短亭归马，暮衙蜂闹。豆蔻钗梁恨袅。但怅望、天涯岁华老。远信难封，吴云雁杳。
天香·蜡梅鉴赏
“蟫叶”三句，状蜡梅花的特征。“蟫”，音淫，衣书中的蠹虫也。这里“蟫叶”，应改作蝉翼，方与词意吻合也。“蝉翼”状花瓣之薄轻；“粘霜”，形花色如涂蜡；“蝇苞”，喻花蕾之小；“缀冻”，绘花蕾的坚实也。此言蜡梅花瓣薄如蝉翼而色如涂蜡，花蕾小巧而坚挺，花香从远处随风飘来，令人陶醉。三句分别叙述了蜡梅花瓣薄、苞小巧而坚挺、花香远送的特征，描写细腻。“岭上”三句。“岭”，原指五岭，中有大庾岭，又叫梅岭，其中盛产梅树。这里泛指山岭。此言不论是在山岭间还是峭溪边，蜡梅花都是盛开在严冬蜡月里。所以不管是北方的还是南方的蜡梅都是无叶有花，形体都显得瘦削而纤小。“玉奴”两句。“玉奴”，指白梅，因蜡梅花先开，故称为姊。此言蜡梅虽挤在墙角边生活，但它却是白梅花的姊姊，最早传递出春天降临的讯息，抢先怒放花香。“初试”两句。“宫黄”、“寿阳”均指宫妆。杨铁夫笺释梦窗《风入松·桂》词时说：“仪部郎尤良纵侍儿悉效宫妆，有蝶蜂黄、花羞、玉让之号。”又据《宋史》说：宋武帝女寿阳公主，卧含章殿檐下，梅花落公主额间，成五出花，拂之不去，自后宫内群效之，称梅花妆。两句用“宫黄”、“寿阳”两种宫妆形容蜡梅花的淡薄、纤小之美。
“银烛”两句，从花之名与形生出联想。词人由“蜡梅”的“蜡”字联想到蜡烛，再进而联想到蜡烛之泪极似惜别人之泪。故杜牧的《赠别》诗说：“蜡烛有心还惜别，替人垂泪到天明。”他又从蜡梅花形如酒盅，想起这“酒盅”实在得显得太小了，它似乎盛不下多少愁恨。两句以拟人拟物手法写烛泪惜别，酒盅贮愁，既描述蜡梅，又抒发了词人心中的离愁别恨。“记得”两句，回忆旧事。杨铁夫《梦窗词全集笺释》说：“短亭离别之地，暮衙离别之时。上映梅，下切蜡。”两句追叙了昔年的一段离别情。词人将离别的时间、地点、略作点染，引人无限联想。词人这里是说：我记得有一次在城郊的一个短亭边，乘马离别，当时见到有一群黄蜂临晚纷纷飞回巢中。“豆蔻”两句，承上点出了离别的对象。“豆蔻”，用杜牧《赠别》诗“娉娉袅袅十三余，豆蔻梢头二月初”典故。可见词人怀念的是一位年轻女子。词人对她的怀恋如烟雾般时时萦绕心头。再见到蜡梅冬月开花，岁华已老，陡生两人离别已久，年华徒增的哀伤感。“远信”两句，又以“蜡”字联想到蜡丸封信的典故。言词人远离姬人已久，却音讯渺茫，所写的书信虽然慎重地用蜡丸封缄好，但仍旧很难送到伊人的手中。从此两人天各一方，云山远隔，再难相见矣。
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段克己《
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吴文英《
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丁香结·夷则商秋日海棠》
吴文英简介
唐代·吴文英的简介
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吴文英（约1200～1260），字君特，号梦窗，晚年又号觉翁，四明（今浙江宁波）人。原出翁姓，后出嗣吴氏。与贾似道友善。有《梦窗词集》一部，存词三百四十余首，分四卷本与一卷本。其词作数量丰沃，风格雅致，多酬答、伤时与忆悼之作，号“词中李商隐”。而后世品评却甚有争论。
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