采桑子·塞上咏雪花
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清代]:纳兰性德
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非关癖爱轻模样,冷处偏佳。别有根芽,不是人间富贵花。
谢娘别后谁能惜,飘泊天涯。寒月悲笳,万里西风瀚海沙。
采桑子·塞上咏雪花译文及注释
译文
我喜欢雪花不在于其轻盈的形态,更在于其在寒处生长。雪花,虽与牡丹、海棠等人间富贵花不同,而是另具高洁品性。谢道韫是咏雪的著名才女,在她死后已无人怜惜雪花了,只落得漂泊天涯,在寒冷的月光和悲笳声中任西风吹向无际的大漠。
注释
谢娘二句:谢娘,指晋代王凝之的妻子、才女谢道蕴。她曾因咏雪的名句“未若柳絮因风起”享有盛名。(《晋书·列女传》)这里是说雪花在天涯飞扬,它虽不是富贵之花,却实诚可爱,但又有谁怜惜它呢?
瀚海:谓沙漠。明周祈《名义考》:瀚海,“以飞沙若浪,人马相失若沉,视犹海然,非真有水之海也。"
采桑子·塞上咏雪花鉴赏
康熙十七年十月,容若扈驾北巡塞上时,在塞外看见大雪飞扬,姿态肆扬。那是北方的雪,大朵大朵,情谊厚重,从几万英尺的高空直拗地投向大地,缠绵壮烈的肆意态度,纵还未知这一片世界,能不能容身,也义无返顾。真正的美景不被勉强存留,它只于内心刹那光芒交触,完成一次深入邂逅。
每每读采桑子的下阕,我都会觉得容若还站在寒风凛冽的塞上,遥遥是万里的黄沙,雪已落满他的双肩,那双迎着雪花的眼睛,冰雪般明亮。
他伸出手去,雪花飞入手心,很快被手心的温度融化掉,成了一粒水珠。他看着那滴水,忽然明白了,雪花是矜贵冰冷的。冷处偏佳,别有根芽。不要沾染尘世的一星爱慕和一点点纠缠,如果承受了,就化为水来偿还告别。
他想到自己,这些年扈从皇帝四处出巡,身为乾清宫的侍卫,他算是最接近皇上的人了,人人称他受恩宠,连他的父亲也鬼迷心窍的跟着欣喜,认为他仕途大有可为。只有他自己始终落落寡欢,一个男人靠近另一个男人,允许你保护他,这就能算是了不得的恩遇吗?看着是站着的,实际上始终是跪着的。
官场的倾轧看多了,亦明白御前侍卫的荣衔只是御座前花瓶。皇帝只需要他做一个锦上添花盛世才俊的标本,为天下和满族的男子们做做样子,不需要成为一个实干家。所有的才华派不上用场,壮志蜷曲难伸。容若渐渐渐弃绝了富贵之心,登龙之意。他不爱牡丹,却迷恋雪花,因为他看出了雪花有自清冷矜贵不可轻言的好处。也忍不住黯然,雪花能如此干脆而洁烈,人却做不到,即使心上别有根芽,也必须把自己伪装成世人接受的富贵花。
唐以来世人多以牡丹海棠为富贵之花,容若却赞雪花自有风骨,别有根芽,不同与俗世繁花。这不是故作惊人语,而实在是他心性有别于众人,容若一生心境不减悲苦凄凉,可以说是事出有因,却也应了那句:“情发无端”。出身富贵事显赫卓著仕途顺利相貌清俊夫妻恩爱子嗣圆满。似乎,这个男人是上帝的宠儿,没有什么是他不能够得到和不满足的。然而,周身的温柔富贵结果却种出一株别有根芽的“富贵花”。
容若问道:“谢娘别后谁能惜?”然而,几乎在他在塞上完成这首咏雪花的绝调的同时,他已经给出历史答案,谢娘之后,能惜雪花的还有他——纳兰容若。这是,《饮水词》名篇中的名篇。不但在《饮水词》里别具一格,就是放在历代咏物言志的佳品中,也能拔节而出。
与容若词中别的“谢娘”不同,这里的谢娘是实指东晋才女谢道韫,引的是《世说新语-言语》中谢道韫咏柳絮的故事。据载:“谢安见雪因风而起,兴起,便问子侄辈,此物何物可比之?有答之:“撒盐空中差可拟。”谢安摇头不语。谢道韫对曰:“未若柳絮因风起。”谢安激赏。
我一直觉得,谢道韫的“未若柳絮因风起”固然是千古奇喻,可惜却少了个人的感情在里面。纵观她的一生,并没有这种飘零的情结,所以只是一时灵机忽现。好象一个人吟“月落乌啼霜满天”时,却没有“江枫渔火对愁眠”的真实心遇,固然精彩,但也只能说是精彩。
容若爱的是冷处偏佳,是精神的至清至洁;他取的是冷月凉音相伴下的漂泊天涯,是灵魂的自由不羁。
白雪拥抱茫茫着黄沙,由碧落投身至此,做彼此最亲密的接触。天与地。瞬息无缘。人有苦,可以求天地垂怜,天地之苦,又有谁能怜惜?
也许,容若看到漫天雪花飞舞,他幻觉到灵魂羽化的样子,它们片片飞旋起落。
那一刻,他领悟自己一生的追寻。
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纳兰性德简介
唐代·纳兰性德的简介
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纳兰性德(1655-1685),满洲人,字容若,号楞伽山人,清代最著名词人之一。其诗词“纳兰词”在清代以至整个中国词坛上都享有很高的声誉,在中国文学史上也占有光采夺目的一席。他生活于满汉融合时期,其贵族家庭兴衰具有关联于王朝国事的典型性。虽侍从帝王,却向往经历平淡。特殊的生活环境背景,加之个人的超逸才华,使其诗词创作呈现出独特的个性和鲜明的艺术风格。流传至今的《木兰花令·拟古决绝词》——“人生若只如初见,何事秋风悲画扇?等闲变却故人心,却道故人心易变。”富于意境,是其众多代表作之一。
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宋代:
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朱翌
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嘉瑞真成一旦逢,寄笺天下托鹏风。分无侑坐歌眉绿,但有挑蔬冻指红。
画史莫传飞舞势,诗人俱尽琢磨工。此间不见乾坤妙,妙在竹扉山崦中。