辋川闲居赠裴秀才迪
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唐代]：王维
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倚杖柴门外，临风听暮蝉。
渡头馀落日，墟里上孤烟。(馀一作余)
复值接舆醉，狂歌五柳前。
辋川闲居赠裴秀才迪译文及注释
译文
寒山转变得格外郁郁苍苍，秋水日日舒缓地流向远方。
我柱杖伫立在茅舍的门外，迎风细听着那暮蝉的吟唱。
渡头那边太阳快要落山了，村子里的炊烟一缕缕飘散。
又碰到裴迪这个接舆酒醉，在恰如陶潜的我面前讴狂。
注释
辋川：水名，在今陕西省蓝田县南终南山下。山麓有宋之问的别墅，后归王维。王维在那里住了三十多年，直至晚年。裴迪：诗人，王维的好友，与王维唱和较多。
转苍翠：一作“积苍翠”。转：转为，变为。苍翠：青绿色，苍为灰白色，翠为墨绿色。
潺湲（chán yuán ）：水流声。这里指水流缓慢的样子，当作为“缓慢地流淌”解。
听暮蝉：聆听秋后的蝉儿的鸣叫。暮蝉：秋后的蝉，这里是指蝉的叫声。
渡头：渡口。余：又作“馀”。
墟里：村落。孤烟：直升的炊烟，可以是倚门看到的第一缕村烟。
值：遇到。接舆：陆通先生的字。接舆是春秋时楚国人，好养性，假装疯狂，不出去做官。在这里以接舆比裴迪。
五柳：陶渊明。这里诗人以“五柳先生”自比。这两句诗的意思是说，又碰到狂放的裴迪喝醉了酒，在我面前唱歌。
参考资料：
1、张国举．唐诗精华注译评．长春：长春出版社，2010：103-104
辋川闲居赠裴秀才迪创作背景
裴迪是王维的好友，两人同隐终南山，常常在辋川“浮舟往来，弹琴赋诗，啸咏终日”（《旧唐书·王维传》）。此诗就是他们的彼此酬赠之作。
参考资料：
1、张国举．唐诗精华注译评．长春：长春出版社，2010：103-104
辋川闲居赠裴秀才迪鉴赏
此诗所要极力表现的是辋川的秋景。一联和三联写山水原野的深秋晚景，诗人选择富有季节和时间特征的景物：苍翠的寒山、缓缓的秋水、渡口的夕阳，墟里的炊烟，有声有色，动静结合，勾勒出一幅和谐幽静而又富有生机的田园山水画。诗的二联和四联写诗人与裴迪的闲居之乐。倚杖柴门，临风听蝉，把诗人安逸的神态，超然物外的情致，写得栩栩如生；醉酒狂歌，则把裴迪的狂士风度表现得淋漓尽致。全诗物我一体，情景交融，诗中有画，画中有诗。
此诗、画、音乐完美结合的五律。首联和颈联写景，描绘辋川附近山水田园的深秋暮色；颔联和尾联写人，刻画诗人和裴迪两个隐士的形象。风光人物，交替行文，相映成趣，形成物我一体、情景交融的艺术境界，抒写诗人的闲居之乐和对友人的真切情谊。
“寒山转苍翠，秋水日潺湲。”首联写山中秋景。时在水落石出的寒秋，山间泉水不停歇地潺潺作响；随着天色向晚，山色也变得更加苍翠。不待颔联说出“暮”字，已给人以时近黄昏的印象。“转”和“日”用得巧妙。转苍翠，表示山色愈来愈深，愈来愈浓；山是静止的，这一“转”字，便凭借颜色的渐变而写出它的动态。日潺湲，就是日日潺湲，每日每时都在喧响；水是流动的，用一“日”字，却令人感觉它始终如一的守恒。寥寥十字，勾勒出一幅有色彩，有音响，动静结合的画面。
“渡头余落日，墟里上孤烟。”颈联写原野暮色。夕阳欲落，炊烟初升，是田野黄昏的典型景象。渡头在水，墟里在陆；落日属自然，炊烟属人事：景物的选取是很见匠心的。“墟里上孤烟”，显系从陶潜“暧暧远人村，依依墟里烟”（《归田园居之一》）点化而来。但陶句是拟人化的表现远处村落上方炊烟萦绕、不忍离去的情味，王句却是用白描手法表现黄昏第一缕炊烟袅袅升到半空的景象，各有各的形象，各有各的意境。这一联是王维修辞的名句，历来被人称道。“渡头余落日”，精确地剪取落日行将与水面相切的一瞬间，富有包孕地显示了落日的动态和趋向，在时间和空间上都为读者留下想象的余地。“墟里上孤烟”，写的也是富有包孕的片刻。“上”字，不仅写出炊烟悠然上升的动态，而且显示已经升到相当的高度。
首、颈两联，以寒山、秋水、落日、孤烟等富有季节和时间特征的景物，构成一幅和谐静谧的山水田园风景画。但这风景并非单纯的孤立的客观存在，而是画在人眼里，人在画图中，一景一物都经过诗人主观的过滤而带上了感情色彩。颔联：“倚杖柴门外，临风听暮蝉。”这就是诗人的形象。柴门，表现隐居生活和田园风味；倚杖，表现年事已高和意态安闲。柴门之外，倚杖临风，听晚树鸣蝉、寒山泉水，看渡头落日、墟里孤烟，那安逸的神态，潇洒的闲情，和“策扶老以流憩，时矫首而遐观”（《归去来辞》）的陶渊明有几分相似。事实上，王维对那位“古今隐逸诗人之宗”，也是十分仰慕的，就在这首诗中，不仅仿效了陶的诗句，而且在尾联引用了陶的典故：“复值接舆醉，狂歌五柳前。”陶文《五柳先生传》的主人公，是一位忘怀得失、诗酒自娱的隐者，“宅边有五柳树，因以为号焉。”实则，生正是陶潜的自我写照；而王维自称五柳，就是以陶潜自况的。接舆，是春秋时代“凤歌笑孔丘”的楚国狂士，诗人把沉醉狂歌的裴迪与楚狂接舆相比，乃是对这位年轻朋友的赞许。陶潜与接舆──王维与裴迪，个性虽大不一样，但那超然物外的心迹却是相近相亲的。所以，“复值接舆醉”的复字，不表示又一次遇见裴迪，而是表示诗人情感的加倍和进层：既赏佳景，更遇良朋，辋川闲居之乐，至于此极啊！末联生动地刻画了裴迪的狂士形象，表明了诗人对他的由衷的好感和欢迎，诗题中的赠字，也便有了着落。
颔联和尾联，对两个人物形象的刻画，也不是孤立进行，而是和景物描写密切结合的。柴门、暮蝉、晚风、五柳，有形无形，有声无声，都是写景。五柳，虽是典故，但对王维说来，模仿陶渊明笔下的人物，植五柳于柴门之外，这是自然而然的。
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王维《
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秋夜曲》
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张继《
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枫桥夜泊》
王维简介
唐代·王维的简介
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王维（701年－761年，一说699年—761年），字摩诘，汉族，河东蒲州（今山西运城）人，祖籍山西祁县，唐朝诗人，有“诗佛”之称。苏轼评价其：“味摩诘之诗，诗中有画；观摩诘之画，画中有诗。”开元九年（721年）中进士，任太乐丞。王维是盛唐诗人的代表，今存诗400余首，重要诗作有《相思》《山居秋暝》等。王维精通佛学，受禅宗影响很大。佛教有一部《维摩诘经》，是王维名和字的由来。王维诗书画都很有名，非常多才多艺，音乐也很精通。与孟浩然合称“王孟”。
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送区彦斯返馆长沙
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明代：
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李之世
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津树澹霏霏，兰桡荡晓晖。空江还独往，投馆未言归。
别路萦芳草，閒房傍翠微。同衿怜远隔，客里授寒衣。
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送中甫兄之淮南
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宋代：
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韩元吉
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忆昔湖阴道，边声日夜闻。
远峰明积雪，叠鼓堕层云。
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蓦山溪
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元代：
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谭处端
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廛中碌碌，虚幻名和利。休恁苦劳心，镇区区、伤神损气。
回头是老，悟即便抽身，拚荣华，绝财色，乐道超浮世。