客中初夏
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宋代]：司马光
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客中初夏译文及注释
译文
初夏四月，天气清明和暖，下过一场雨天刚放晴，雨后的山色更加青翠怡人，正对门的南山变得更加明净了。
眼前没有随风飘扬的柳絮，只有葵花朝向着太阳开放。
注释
客中：旅居他乡作客。
清和：天气清明而和暖。
南山当户：正对门的南山。
惟有：仅有，只有。
客中初夏创作背景
宋神宗熙宁三年（1070年），王安石在皇帝支持下实行变法，司马光竭力反对，因而被迫离开汴京，不久退居洛阳，直到哲宗即位才回京任职，这首诗是在洛阳时写的。
客中初夏鉴赏
前两句写雨后初晴的景色，后两句的景物描写是有寄托的。第三句的含意是：我不是因风起舞的柳絮，意即决不在政治上投机取巧，随便附和；我的心就像葵花那样向着太阳，意即对皇帝忠贞不贰。诗人托物言志，笔法委婉含蓄。
赏析一
客居它乡，在春尽夏初之际，一幅雨后乍晴清明和暖的秀丽画面跃入诗人的视野.而在这富于变化情趣的画面中，诗人不喜雨丝蒙蒙的南山，也不赞随风飞舞的柳絮，而把自己的独钟给了向日而倾的葵花，其意何在呢不难发现诗人非独爱葵花，而是性情使然，言在此而意在彼.诗人久在官场，自是看够了人云亦云的柳絮，却无论如何也不愿自己"摧眉折腰"随风飘摆，终而选择了做株向日的葵花，真金如色，笑脸为形，且懂得珍惜阳光，这也许才是葵花的可爱之处吧！
赏析二
本诗语言浅白，色彩明丽清新，犹如摄影师抓拍的一个镜头，"当户转分明""清和雨乍晴",作者调动我们熟悉的景物布置了一个清明和暖的气氛。“乍”“转”“起”“倾”，使这些景物鲜活生动，使整首诗充满了雨和夏的味道，从嗅觉，感觉，视觉各个方位来攻占读者的心.最后两句点明本诗主旨，作者的心犹如葵花向日，任雨打风吹，不动不摇，绝不改变自己的政治理想.
赏析三
这是一首寓情于景，状物抒怀的托物言志诗.起笔点明节令：初夏的一场细雨，驱散了春天的寒意，洗净了空气的尘埃，使得万里江山在经历了夏雨的洗礼后添得一份明朗，显得更加妩媚.紧接着转笔入近景：春去夏来，眼前已没有了那随风飞舞的柳絮，只有自始至终向着明媚阳光的葵花.诗人有意选择"柳絮"，"葵花"作比，言此意彼，恰恰要表明内心的情志：风雨之中我不会像称为"水性杨花"的败絮，我要做"永远向日"的葵花！
赏析四
一首平白如话的小诗，既无险字，也无丽词，似乎一览无余.初夏时节，一场清雨刚停，对着门的南山又清清楚楚地展现在眼前.随风飘舞的柳絮杨花已不见，只有葵花对着太阳在开放.这其实只是字面上的意思.作为政治家的司马光决非如此浅薄；甚至用不着细细咀嚼，便可知其所指，其所托，其所寄寓着的深意.风风雨雨，雨雨风风，我（作者）也永不会像柳絮一样没有固定的操守，而会永远像葵一样忠心于国家.此诗是言在此而意在彼,托物而言志。
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夏日杂诗》
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杜甫《
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绝句漫兴九首·其七》
司马光简介
唐代·司马光的简介
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司马光（1019年11月17日－1086年），字君实，号迂叟，陕州夏县（今山西夏县）涑水乡人，《宋史》，《辞海》等明确记载，世称涑水先生。生于河南省信阳市光山县。北宋史学家、文学家。历仕仁宗、英宗、神宗、哲宗四朝，卒赠太师、温国公，谥文正，主持编纂了中国历史上第一部编年体通史《资治通鉴》，为人温良谦恭、刚正不阿，其人格堪称儒学教化下的典范，历来受人景仰。生平著作甚多，主要有史学巨著《资治通鉴》、《温国文正司马公文集》、《稽古录》、《涑水记闻》、《潜虚》等。
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