女冠子·淡烟飘薄
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宋代]：柳永
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淡烟飘薄。莺花谢、清和院落。树阴翠、密叶成幄。麦秋霁景，夏云忽变奇峰、倚寥廊。波暖银塘，涨新萍绿鱼跃。想端忧多暇，陈王是日，嫩苔生阁。
正铄石天高，流金昼永，楚榭光风转蕙，披襟处、波翻翠幕。以文会友，沈李浮瓜忍轻诺。别馆清闲，避炎蒸、岂须河朔。但尊前随分，雅歌艳舞，尽成欢乐。
女冠子·淡烟飘薄译文及注释
译文
轻烟略微飘荡，清和四月的院落里，春景开始衰败。翠绿的树叶密集成荫，如布帛围起来的帐幕。麦秋四月，雨后景色清明，夏云如奇峰而多变地依傍着天空。清澈明净的池塘荡起层层波浪，温暖耀眼，水面上，弥漫着新生绿萍，鱼儿欢快频跃，想起离别以后有很多空闲的时间不会如陈王曹植初丧应刘的日子一样，无心游娱，以致亭阁绿苔生、芳尘凝。
正值铄石流金、天高昼永的酷热天气，台榭上，天霁日明，微风奋发，动摇草木，皆令有光，充实兰蕙，芬芳益畅，披上外衣在翠色帷幕前，眼前一片波光鳞鳞。不忍轻易许诺，那以文会友、沉李浮瓜的消夏乐事。客馆清静悠闲，避开暑热熏蒸，何须去黄河以北。只需在酒宴上，随我本分，当为即为，独自吟雅诗、观艳舞，都是快乐。
注释
女冠子：唐教坊曲名，后用作词牌名。小令始于温庭筠，长调始于柳永。《乐章集》注“仙吕调”。双调一百十一字，上片十句六仄韵，下片十一句四仄韵。
飘薄：同“飘泊”。这里有飘荡的意思。
莺花谢：意谓春天故去了。莺花，莺啼花开之意，用以泛指春天的景物。清和：指天气清明和暖。
幄：篷帐。
麦秋：指农历四、五月麦子成熟的时候。霁（jì）景：雨后放晴的景色。
寥廓：辽阔的天空。
银塘：清澈明净的池塘。
“涨新”句：意谓池塘弥漫着新生的浮萍，变得很绿，鱼儿不时跳出水面。新萍：新生的浮萍。
“想端”三句：意谓想起现在有很多空闲的时间，一定不会如曹植初丧好友应刘之时一般，无心赏玩，楼阁台榭长满绿苔，积满尘土。谢庄《月赋》：“陈王初丧应刘，端忧无限，绿苔生阁，芳尘凝榭。”陈王：曹植的封号。
“正铄”二句：意谓天气渐热，昼长夜短。铄（shuò）石、流金：形容天气炎热，可使金石熔化。
楚榭：台榭。所谓“楚”乃因后文引《楚辞》典故而顺及之，非谓人在楚地。
“披襟”句：意谓游兴正浓时，只见波光涌动，好像翠幕在翻滚。
以文会友：通过文字结交朋友。孔子《论语·颜渊》：“君子以文会友，以友辅仁。”
沈李浮瓜：将瓜果浸在水中，即今之“冰镇”。轻诺：轻易许诺。
别馆：客馆。庾信《哀江南赋序》：“三日哭于都亭，三年囚于别馆。”
河朔：古代泛指黄河以北的地区。
尊前：酒樽前。随分：随我本性。
参考资料：
1、薛瑞生．柳永词选．北京市：中华书局，2005年1月第1版：68-70
2、叶嘉莹 等．柳永词新释辑评．北京市：中华书局，2005年1月第1版：470-475
女冠子·淡烟飘薄创作背景
此词具体作年不可考。观词首数句，所写之景乃四月之景，故而此词当作于四月份。词中有“以文会友”句，可见此词作于柳永离开汴京游历江南之时，而所会之友，已无法考证。
参考资料：
1、薛瑞生．柳永词选．北京市：中华书局，2005年1月第1版：68-70
女冠子·淡烟飘薄鉴赏
词上片，以五韵十句四十一字从不同角度、不同方面，用不同笔法描绘初夏景象风光。五韵是为五层，在写景上，显示出柳词长于铺陈的特点。开端“淡烟飘薄”用极细致的笔触概写天气晴好的氛围，透出闲雅的情调。次韵“莺花谢、清和院落”，词人转而择取庭院中“莺花谢”这一标志春已去、夏来临的典型景物来点明时令的变换，又用“清和”二字来泛写院中的初夏气象，并暗示出词人此刻平和的心境。第三韵词人的视线集中到院落中那棵荫荫的大树，翠绿的“树阴”，像篷帐一样覆盖出浓荫的“密叶”，描绘了初夏万物生发的旺盛的生命活力。接着词人由地面的浓荫写到了天空的浮云，“麦秋”时节雨后的天气显得特别地明朗清新，而空中的云朵不时变换着形状，像“奇”异的山峰“倚”在“寥廓”的天空上，在词人的笔下，游动的云而能“倚”，可谓是神奇的自然景观，阔大、辽远、壮观，给人以一种舒朗畅快的感觉。在对自然景象描写之后，第五韵转入对院外具体景物的状写，“波暖银塘，涨新萍绿鱼跃”二句使词情达到欢乐的高潮。暖暧的阳光照在波光粼粼的池塘，池塘里已长满了新鲜明绿的萍草，映着波光在水中飘摇，还有那活泼的鱼儿不时跃出水面，向人们展示它们愉悦的心情。“银”字给池塘披上了一层光亮的外衣，大大渲染了气氛；“暖”字和“新”字，不仅让人感到一种生命的喜悦，更使画面形成清新的暖色调；“涨”字和“跃”字，又写尽了万物生机的勃发之象，词人面对此大好景色的欣喜兴奋也就不言而喻了。
“想端忧多暇”三句用于上片结尾，在绘景之后，以领字“想”引出，转入抒发感想，自然、流畅。此典见于谢庄《月赋》，原意是说曹植因丧友忧愁郁闷，无心观赏夏日美景，以致使绿苔生阁，芳尘凝榭。词人反用此典，惋惜曹植白白辜负了这大好的景色空自忧伤。而自己绝不会如此，借以表达面对美景时的舒畅心情。
过片首韵共四句，连用三典。“铄石天高”二句，“铄石”、“流金”见于《准南子·诠言》。词人用以形容夏日天气炎热的程度，已到了可使金石熔化的地步。这也使得接下的二句“楚榭光风转惠，披襟处、波翻翠幕”更有意义，如此的炎热之际，能有阵阵轻风拂面，必然十分惬意。于是词人先以《楚辞·招魂》中“光风转蕙”一句写夏日晴风带来的美景，再接以《风赋》中楚王游于兰台披襟迎风之典，写出了“披襟处、波翻翠幕”之句，楚王“披襟”之后而赞“快哉此风”，词人敞开衣襟之后，迎风之快感，不必明言而自在其中，更何况词人还配以夏风拂水“波翻翠幕”的美景。
这时，词人的兴致更高了，不由产生了“以文会友”的雅兴，“以文会友”出典于《论语》，原文“以文会友”的目的在于“以友辅仁”，而柳永用来，只以之表现文友相聚的欢乐，所以他兴致勃勃，来一番，“沉李浮瓜”的消夏游宴，此处又用了曹丕消夏宴游的典故，不过，曹丕之“浮甘瓜”、“沉朱李”是在伤痛中忆旧的欢会，柳永却只取其欢会之意，与上句“以文会友”相连，极好地表达了作为一个文人的清雅及情趣。但此次，柳永与友人间不是次庸俗的宴饮玩乐，这从“忍轻诺”三字可以看出，老子曰：“轻诺必寡信”，柳永在“轻诺”前先用一个“忍”字，强调了朋友间的信任，在“以文会友”二句中，三个典故一起连用，一气呵成，浑然有如一体。结拍“但尊前随分，雅歌艳舞，尽成欢乐”，欢情达到了最高潮，全词也就定格于此。结尾“尽成欢乐”四字，有一锤定音的效果。
通过一连七个典故的运用，词人一步一步表情达意，恰如其分，不仅使词意得到进一步的扩大与展延，而且这些化用还极有助于此词古雅格调的形成。再有，此词之七处用典，除《月赋》“陈王”一典需检视原作稍嫌费解之外，其余六处都可以说达到了《颜氏家训》所说“用事不使人觉”的境地。故而用典虽多，却并没有影响全词明快畅达的总体风格。
此词描写夏景及消夏宴饮的欢乐，在《乐章集》中是一首较为特别的词，也是一首值得称道的词。特殊之处也即为值得称道之处。
第一，从描绘的景象看，此词描绘的是初夏的自然风光和万物生机勃勃的景象，取代了柳词中常见的或旷远萧瑟或衰败冷清的秋之暮景。
第二，从抒发的情感看，此词没有柳词中常见的那种或浓重、或隐幽之愁绪，代之以轻快的笔调，抒写出愉悦的心境。在《乐章集》中，似此词这般闲雅欢娱的情调是不多见的。关于这一点，不仅从词的下片“别馆清闲”一语和末韵“尽成欢乐”一语的明白表述可以看出，从词的上片的绘景中，也可想见词人舒畅的心情；更有陈王“是日”、楚王“披襟”、曾子“以文会友”、曹丕“沉李浮瓜”诸典故的明示暗言，使全词充溢着闲雅欢娱的情绪。
第三，从抒写的手法看，此词除上片之景语与下片直叙欢宴外，使用了一连串的典故，用典之多在柳词中十分少见，用典中有反用又有正用，且最关键的一点在于典故的运用能够做到“体认著题，融化不涩”（张炎《词源》），恰到好处地表达出词人要表达的感情。
第四，从所用的语言及表现出的情调看，这是一首颇具豪气、绝不涉及艳情的极其雅致的典型的文人词。不仅典故的运用使词显得古雅，而且“披襟”的动作表现出词人的疏放，“以文会友”的举止表现出作为文人所特有的情雅。在语气上，“岂须河朔”的“岂须”二字，“但尊前随分”的“但”字，表现出其消夏的兴致和天性中的那种不拘的豪气。末韵“尊前随分，雅歌艳舞，尽成欢乐”略微透露出柳永喜好艳情的本性，但对于整首词而言，并没有任何影响。
从审美的角度看，柳永叙写羁旅愁思与男女情爱的作品，大多写得缠绵悱恻，具有阴柔之美；而此词相对来说，是具有一定阳刚之气的。
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李白《
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白田马上闻莺》
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陆游《
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幽居初夏》
柳永简介
唐代·柳永的简介
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柳永，（约987年—约1053年）北宋著名词人，婉约派代表人物。汉族，崇安（今福建武夷山）人，原名三变，字景庄，后改名永，字耆卿，排行第七，又称柳七。宋仁宗朝进士，官至屯田员外郎，故世称柳屯田。他自称“奉旨填词柳三变”，以毕生精力作词，并以“白衣卿相”自诩。其词多描绘城市风光和歌妓生活，尤长于抒写羁旅行役之情，创作慢词独多。铺叙刻画，情景交融，语言通俗，音律谐婉，在当时流传极其广泛，人称“凡有井水饮处，皆能歌柳词”，婉约派最具代表性的人物之一，对宋词的发展有重大影响，代表作 《雨霖铃》《八声甘州》。
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东风习习吹庭树，知道春权移日驭。
青红独解露春心，凝冷无言避春去。
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明代：
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卢龙云
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一上层楼寓目宽，南中十月只轻寒。千山雨过林仍绿，万木霜催叶未丹。
骑射此时资讲武，蒐罗他日备登坛。汉家颇牧频推毂，须信封侯事不难。
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次东卿韵挽北村秋官五首 其三
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边贡
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公昔较我艺，弱冠举于乡。公子复青年，探花冠群芳。
浩荡云中衢，接羽相翱翔。思公不可见，断绝我中肠。
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癖性
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宋代：
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释文珦
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癖性唯耽静，溪山占一坳。
小桥横独水，矮屋盖重茅。
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清代：
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程颂万
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柳外斜阳，花间断梦。心情病酒芳寒重。雕阑六曲有人凭，苍苔暗补闲阶空。
痴绝蜂忙，娇回莺哢。怜伊倩影凌波送。巧持纨扇索题诗，回头半露钗梁凤。
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宋代：
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梅尧臣
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舟车历尽险，风物乃还君。
俎肉应多味，虞韶不复闻。