江楼曲
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唐代]：李贺
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楼前流水江陵道，鲤鱼风起芙蓉老。
晓钗催鬓语南风，抽帆归来一日功。
鼍吟浦口飞梅雨，竿头酒旗换青苎。
萧骚浪白云差池，黄粉油衫寄郎主。
新槽酒声苦无力，南湖一顷菱花白。
眼前便有千里愁，小玉开屏见山色。
江楼曲译文及注释
译文
楼前的江水，一直通往江陵郡。如今今秋风遍地，寒冷的风直吹得万木萧索，就连亭亭玉立的荷花都变得苍老了。
一大早急着梳妆打扮，等丈夫回来，却又是一场空，只能对着南风说：这么方便的水上交通，起锚扬帆，你一天就可到家，却竟迟迟不归，叫我天天等得好苦哇！
回想春夏之交，猪婆龙在江边鸣声如鼓，连绵的梅雨已经开始；就连招商的酒旗也因怕梅雨的腐烂而换成了苎麻布的。
那时，眼看着荡漾的江水和参差滚动的密云，便想到丈夫在江陵经商的苦辛，因而想方设法给他寄去了粉黄的油布雨衣。
喝了槽床新沥的美酒佳酿，还是无力驱遣那愁绪，想观南湖佳景来散心遣愁，那里菱花盛开，连缀成白茫茫的一片。
触目驰怀，又想起远方的亲人来，忙命侍女推开屏风，希望看得更远更远，但映入眼帘的却是连绵不断的山色。
注释
江陵道：指通往江陵之水道。江陵：古称荆州，唐为江陵府，即今湖北之江陵。
鲤鱼风：九月风。语出梁简文帝诗《艳歌篇》“灯生阳燧火，尘散鲤鱼风”，《岁时记》云：“九月风日鲤鱼风。”这里指寒秋之风。芙蓉：荷花的别名。
催鬓：王琦《李长吉歌诗汇解》注曰：“‘催鬓’，《文苑英华》作‘摧鬓’，犹言掠鬓也。”《全唐诗》校：“催一作拥”。
抽帆：即扬帆起航。
鼍（tuó）：又名鼍龙，俗名猪婆龙，即扬子鳄，传说欲雨则鸣，鸣声似鼓。鼍吟：鼍鸣叫，古人听鼍叫以占雨。《埤雅》云：“将风则涌，鼍欲雨则鸣。”浦口：即水滨。梅雨：指梅熟季节下起的连绵细雨。
酒旗：即酒帘。酒店的标帜。唐刘长卿《春望寄王涔阳》诗：“依微水戍闻钲鼓，掩映沙村见酒旗。”
萧骚：水波动荡的样子。差池：即参差不齐貌。一作“参差”。
用桐油涂制而成的雨衣。郎主：旧时妻妾对夫主的称呼。
新槽：指制新酒的槽床。
一顷：为一百亩。菱花：镜子的雅称。
千里愁：一作“千里思”。
小玉：唐人对侍女的通称。元稹诗“栖乌满树声声绝，小玉床上铺夜衾”、路德延诗“酒殢丹砂暖，茶催小玉煎”都是明证。
参考资料：
1、周啸天 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典补编．成都：四川文艺出版社，1990：570-572
2、宋绪连 初旭．三李诗鉴赏辞典．长春：吉林文史出版社，1992：808-811
江楼曲创作背景
这是一首闺怨诗。唐代商业相当发达，特别是长江沿岸，由于水路畅通，这些地方从事长途贩运的男子很多，他们远离家园，年轻的妻子独守空房，本来就很难堪，加上江中风浪险恶，每当想起离去的丈夫可能遭遇不测，盼其平安归来的心情就更加迫切。此诗即代为商人妇思夫而作。
参考资料：
1、周啸天 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典补编．成都：四川文艺出版社，1990：570-572
江楼曲鉴赏
《江楼曲》是一篇思夫之作。从作品描写的情况看，女主人公的丈夫，可能是在江陵的从商者，经年不归，因而使得妻子百般思念和难堪。
首四句虽无肖像描写，却典型地突现了一位思妇的形象：“楼前流水江陵道，鲤鱼风起芙蓉老。晓钗催鬓语南风，抽帆归来一日功。”这显然是写她登楼所望，心有所想。这里虽没直说女主人公的幽怨，但幽怨之情已分明可见。既然“楼前流水”直通江陵，那么“江陵”自然也是直通“楼前”，这样便利的水上交通，而竟然丈夫未归，这不能不使她生怨。“鲤鱼风起”，这也正是古人所谓“见秋风起”而思归的时刻，就连晋代在外为官的张季鹰，都因此季候自动罢官归里，而丈夫却不见回来，这又是一层怨情。一个夫君在外的青春女子，见荷花在秋风中变老，不能不生出“荷犹此变，人何以堪”的悲叹。一个“老”字，写出了她心中的无限幽怨之情。后两句更进一步写她的动作细节和心理；也许是她晚上做了一个好梦，梦见丈夫今日归来，因而一大早便起来梳洗打扮。“晓钗催鬓”是写她见曙色而早起急忙梳妆的情景，一个“催”字，写出了她急理云鬓、忙插花黄、又生怕误了迎夫婿的动作和心态；“语南风”三字，又写出她盼夫情切到见夫未归时的自言自语之状。而“抽帆归来一日功”简直变成了对丈夫遥遥的责问。这里表现出她不可扼制地责怨。由此不难看出，首四句字面温和，似乎未见怨言，但细分析却内含着几层的幽怨和责问，这责怨又深深地蕴含着她对丈夫的深情厚爱。
好的诗歌总是波澜起伏。中四句掉回头来，回想丈夫出外贸易的苦辛，以及她对丈夫的体贴之情。“鼍吟浦口飞梅雨，竿头酒旗换青苎。萧骚浪白云差池，黄粉油衫寄郎主。”从这四句之中，起码看到了两层意思：第一，她江楼盼夫归，非只一日，亦非只一月；至少是由春至夏，又由夏至秋，思夫的痛苦，折磨了她多么长久的时光。第二，她时时思念着丈夫，也时时疼爱着丈夫，无时无刻不惦念着他的生活、起居；梅雨中遥寄黄粉油衣，这分明寄去了一片爱情的赤诚之心。将首四句和次四句联系起来看，就将“相思”和“厚爱”联结成了一体，这就不仅增加了作品的深度和厚度，同时也是为了末段的描写张本。
末四句将女主人公的思夫之苦表现得更为深致曲折：“新槽酒声苦无力，南湖一顷菱花白。眼前便有千里愁，小玉开屏见山色。”这几句颇具画家和摄影师的表现技巧，语言简括而情致遥深。“新槽”句，显然是写女主人公在极端苦闷之中，想借酒遣愁；但她喝了槽床新沥的美酒佳酿，愁绪却并未因此而稍减，因而发出“新槽酒声苦无力”之慨叹，这就用形象的举措表现了她“借酒浇愁愁更愁”的绪怀，显示了她的愁情难遣。“南湖”句，是写她想观南湖佳景以散愁。回想当年，夫妻双双游湖，见到的是湖水澄彻，少女采莲，鸳鸯戏水，真是心旷神怡，令人陶醉。而今想借观南湖散心，不仅是只身孑影，而且眼中所见，冷风飕飕，荻花瑟瑟，残荷败叶，令人目不忍睹。她离开这“鲤鱼风起芙蓉老”的惨景，想开“菱花”镜以自慰，但一照明镜，便想起昔日丈夫在家之时，镜中的映像是郎才女貌相伴，鸳鸯一对相偎，因而又引起她“眼前便有千里愁”的慨叹。这“千里愁”三字，双关了两层含义：一是思念丈夫远在千里之外，不得相见；一是写自己愁绪万千，犹如千里愁云蒙心，无法解脱。因为千愁万绪，郁结心头，于是她命侍女推开屏风，以观远景而驱散结闷，但“小玉开屏见山色”，看到的遥山叠叠，无边无际，这就更增加了她朦茫的千里愁绪。为了解脱这思夫的离愁别绪，在她生活的范围之内，能想到的办法她都想到了，能试用的方法她都用过了；她想借酒消愁，结果是“借酒浇愁愁更愁”；她想观南湖而散心，结果却是“残荷败叶”更生愁；她想照“菱花”以自赏，结果却“眼前便有千里思”；她想推开屏风以观远释怀，结果却山峦重叠而更增加胸中块垒。她再也难以想出其他办法以遣愁怀了。
此诗的第一个突出特点，便是完全忽略去了肖像描写，而采取了略貌取神之笔。诗人从她的举止中揭示其心态，从她的动作细节中揭示其情思，以某些似露非露的心态和情思，让读者去管窥其痛苦的心情和难堪的处境，这样便使作品具备了既简括灵妙，又深致婉转、含而不露的艺术特点。
在诗的结构上，诗人从女主人公的目前神貌着笔，着重揭示其盼夫早归的心态和处境；第二段由目前转折到她回思其痛苦的相思之历程；第三段又回到描写其痛苦相思的画面上来。这样的构思，不仅增加了作品的深厚度，而且也显得自然而巧妙，波澜起伏而无雕琢的痕迹。
从诗歌的造语设色上看，也很有特色。在《诗辩坻》中记：“大历以来，解乐府遗法者，唯李贺一人，设色秾妙，而词旨多寓篇外，刻意撰语，浑于用意。”以此评语套用在这首诗的设色命意上来，简直是恰当之极，妙合无间，像“晓钗催鬓语南风，抽帆归来一日功”，像“萧骚浪白云差池，黄粉油衫寄郎主”，不仅是一笔钩锁于两地，情与景贯通于双方，而且把闺中怀远的热情痴态，细腻而透彻地表达尽致。诗的最末四句，命意用语更加深婉曲折，细致灵妙，使人读来余味无穷。
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温庭筠《
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菩萨蛮·牡丹花谢莺声歇》
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李白《
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思边》
李贺简介
唐代·李贺的简介
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李贺（约公元791年-约817年），字长吉，汉族，唐代河南福昌（今河南洛阳宜阳县）人，家居福昌昌谷，后世称李昌谷，是唐宗室郑王李亮后裔。有“诗鬼”之称，是与“诗圣”杜甫、“诗仙”李白、“诗佛”王维相齐名的唐代著名诗人。著有《昌谷集》。李贺是中唐的浪漫主义诗人，与李白、李商隐称为唐代三李。有“‘太白仙才，长吉鬼才’之说。李贺是继屈原、李白之后，中国文学史上又一位颇享盛誉的浪漫主义诗人。李贺长期的抑郁感伤，焦思苦吟的生活方式，元和八年（813年）因病辞去奉礼郎回昌谷，27岁英年早逝。
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