朝中措·襄阳古道灞陵桥
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宋代]：完颜璹
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襄阳古道灞陵桥，诗兴与秋高。千古风流人物，一时多少雄豪。
霜清玉塞，云飞陇首，风落江皋。梦到凤凰台上，山围故国周遭。
朝中措·襄阳古道灞陵桥鉴赏
这是一首感今追昔之作，但又不同于一般的此类作品，并不拘泥于一时一地一物，而是笔势跳跃，地域转换涉及颇广，古今上下，纵横多变。既表达了作者内心澎湃激荡的感情，又是刻意而为的婉转的笔法。因为词人虽然忧念国事，对金朝衰势焦灼悲苦，但迫于政治环境的险恶，此种心情，却不敢直接表白，只能委婉地透露，故在此词中用典颇多，但其用典浑化无痕，意深而笔曲，颇为耐人寻味。
上片首句以灞陵古道起，气势颇为宏大。灞陵桥，即霸桥。《三辅黄图》载：“霸桥在长安东，跨水作桥。汉人送客至此桥，折柳赠别。”此处以此地起首，当然不是写离别，而是要缅怀英雄业绩之意。因为在历史上，这一带曾发生过无数次激烈的战斗，涌现出了众多威名赫赫的英雄人物：雄才大略、一统中华的秦始皇、“按剑清八极，归酣歌《大风》”的汉高祖刘邦；汉初功臣萧何，韩信、张良；汉武帝时的封疆大将卫青、霍去病、射虎南山的飞将军李广，开创贞观之治的唐太宗李世民等等，他们在这里都留下了许多惊天地、泣鬼神的动人事迹。词作者由古迹“灞陵桥，想到了这些英雄人物，又不禁联想到金朝国势衰落，却无人能象这些英雄那样，担当起挽救国家于危亡中的大业，不禁感慨万千，诗兴大发，故有”诗兴与秋高“句。”千古风流人物，一时多少雄豪“虽是化用苏轼《念奴娇。赤壁怀古》”千古风流人物，一时多少豪杰“句，但却毫无突兀之感，实在是作者真情实感的自然流露，既抒发了他追念前代英雄豪杰的真情实感，同时也流露出他对国家缺乏栋梁之才，不知前途如何的深切的忧虑。
下片，沿上片起首之意，依然以地名入词。玉塞，即玉门关，又称玉关，“霜清玉塞”意玉门关外，霜清月冷，“云飞陇首着，风落江皋”则更显凄清。
后两句，出自南粱柳恽《捣衣诗》“亭皋木叶下，陇首秋云飞。”这三句都是写秋景，皆对应了上片“秋高”二字。同时也婉转地表露了作者的生活窘况。《金史》本传曾载词人“客至，贫不能具酒肴。”可见，此三句不同地域的秋景描写，也未尝不是作者孤凄，愤懑心境的曲折表露。后两句“梦到凤凰台上，山围故国周遭”则化用李白，《登金陵凤凰台》及刘禹锡《石头城》“山围故国周遭在，潮打空城寂寞回”诗句，充溢着强烈的感伤之情，表达了词人对故都燕京昔日繁华、昌明盛世的深切怀念。往日国家兴旺，才人辈出，而今冷落凄凉，缺少栋梁之才；两相对衬，词人是多么的焦灼，心中的悲愤、忧虑向谁倾述？读罢此句，那种对国家前途命运的深切忧思宛如感同身受。叹寥寥数句，能达此立意，可见作者是个极具才华的词人。
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金章宗《
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生查子·软金杯》
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下一首：
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牛希济《
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临江仙·峭壁参差十二峰》
完颜璹简介
唐代·完颜璹的简介
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完颜璹（1172-1232）本名寿孙，字仲实，一字子瑜，号樗轩老人。金世宗孙，越王完颜永功长子。「天资雅重，薄于世味」（《中州集》卷五），累封密国公。天兴元年（1232）蒙古军攻金者汴梁，围城中以疾卒，年六十一。《金史》卷八五附传永功。璹博学有俊才，喜为诗。平生诗文甚多，自删其诗存三百首，乐府一百首，号《如庵小稿》诗词赖《中州集》以传。周泳先《唐宋金元词钩沉》辑为《如庵小稿》一卷，凡九首。元好问推为「百年以来，宗室中第一流人也」（《中州集》卷五）。多写随缘忘机、萧散淡泊意绪。况周颐称其「姜史、辛刘两派，兼而有之」（《惠风词话》卷三）
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