长相思·折花枝
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明代]：俞彦
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折花枝，恨花枝，准拟花开人共卮，开时人去时。
长相思·折花枝译文及注释
译文
折下美丽的花枝，不觉又怨恨起花技，原来打算花开时我们一起赏花共饮，谁知花开后情人一去不返不见踪影。
害怕相思折磨自己，相思之情却早愁人，到相思时却事无办法摆脱它，心中稍稍平静眉头又露几分。
注释
选自《明词综》。长相思 ： 词牌名。原为唐教坊曲。后用为词调之称。又名《忆多娇》、《双红豆》、，《相思令》、《长相思令》、《长思仙》、《山渐青》、《吴山青》、“青山相送迎》、《越山青》等。仄韵调名为《叶落秋窗》。双调，每段四句，押四平韵，三十六字。
准拟：打算，约定。
人共卮（zhi支）：指饮酒定婚。卮，古代盛酒器。
辞：躲避。
丝：丝与“思”谐音，以双关语既形眉态，又表心绪。
参考资料：
1、杰风作文研究中心主编 ．中国情诗精华 ：海南出版社 ，2003年09月第1版 ：第247页 ．
2、李新魁编著 ．实用诗词曲格律辞典 ：花城出版社 ，1999年11月第2版 ：第50页 ．
3、曹明纲 ．元明词一百首 ：上海古籍出版社 ，1999年 ：第112页 ．
4、郭彦全编著 ．历代词今译 ：首都师范大学出版社 ，1994.09 ：第458页 ．
长相思·折花枝创作背景
俞彦所在的明末之际，复古之风盛行，作者也“信而好古”、“时一效颦”，这首小令便是创作于这个时期。由于身世际遇波折，在爱情词在如画的意境中暗含着凄清苦境，隐隐寄托自己的身世之感。
参考资料：
1、李玉佳．俞彦词与词论研究：黑龙江大学 ，2013-03-11 ：第46页
长相思·折花枝鉴赏
这首词笔法简洁细腻，以女子的口吻，写主人公与情人分别后的相思之情，情极深挚，非至情者莫能道出。写法上，运用复杂而微妙的感情交织，在对花的爱与恨以及对于相思的怕而又不得不相思的矛盾交织中，体现其对爱情的忠贞和对幸福的向往。该词化用了范仲淹《御街行》的“都来此事，眉间心上，无计相回避”及李清照《一剪梅》的“才下眉头，却上心头”。
上片从“花”字生发，鲜花象征着美好的事物，代表着纯真的爱情，并常常被用来比喻美丽的女子。“折花枝”尽管只是写了女主人公的一个动作，但也自然会使人联想到青春少女美丽的面庞及折花枝时的优美姿态，联想起“人面桃花相映红”（唐崔护《题都城南庄》）的艺术境界。“恨花枝”三字接得突兀，词人着一“恨”字，准确地刻划了折花人心灵深处的悲苦，这首词即以盈盈春色反衬人的失意。“准拟花开入共卮，开时人去时”，令人仿佛看到折花人流下相思泪，含情凝睇着伊入离去的方向。女主人公本来打算同恋人在花开时节共同饮酒赏花，可是花开之日却是人去之时，离愁既生，迁恨于花枝也是必然的。其实“花枝”并没有什么过错，“恨花枝”，说到底就是恨自己的恋人，本来说好的事情，为何能轻易违约匆匆离去。不过，这“恨”中也包含着爱的成份。
下片紧承上片意脉，娓娓道来，生动地写出自己的刻骨相思。这“相思”二字所包容的巨大能量，曾使古今中外的多少有情男女愁苦不已，损心伤神。回想昔日花好月圆共饮时，湖边柳下细和语，卿卿我我蜜意时，女子惧怕孤独、不甘寂寞，“怕相思，已相思”将女主人公怨恨、思念、爱怜的感情，细腻、逼真地表达出来，直抒胸臆。但“怕”又有何用，谁能摆脱这“剪不断，理还乱”的忧愁。但当心里有了“相思”的想法时，就已经在相思了。“怕”和“恨”连起来，正是白居易所描绘的“思悠悠，恨悠悠，恨到归时方始休”的同义语。对一位感情丰富，情窦已开的女子来说，“恨”是“爱”的折光·，“怕”是“恋”的延伸，相思之苦，难遣胸怀。“轮到”，表明主人公过去还未曾品尝过相思之苦，正因为是初尝，才更能体会到相思是那样的折磨人，纠缠人，让人没法回避，无法推辞。心中所思，形诸面容，“眉间”自然会“露一丝”，这“一丝”凝聚着主人公对恋人的无限深情与怀念，其中有恨，有爱，有失望，有希望，有痛苦，有幸福，个中滋味难以表达。以“丝”谐“思”，采用民歌抒情惯用手法，清新含蓄，娇态可怜。
该词上片写实记事，下片抒情展怀。上下片虚实结合，相映相衬，情味浓郁，完美地塑造了一位多情女的形象。上下片打头的两个三字句，有很别致的形式：第二，三两字相互重复，句首第一字相互对照。例如白居易的“汴水流，泗水流——思悠悠，恨悠悠”，林逋的“吴山青，越山青——君泪盈，妾泪盈”，俞彦这首词颇具匠心地借助了这种形式上的奇突。“折花枝，恨花枝”和“怕相思，已相思”，前者是心理与行为，后者是心理与情势的比照和冲突，两者都不着痕迹地投射出词的主旋律——情绪上的双重体验（眷恋与痛苦），由此超越了语言结构的外壳，成为构成作品内在完整的有机因素。
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俞彦简介
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［明］（约公元一六一五年前后在世）字仲茅，上元人。生卒年均不详，约明神宗万历四十三年前后在世。万历二十九年（公元一六0一年）进士。历官光禄寺少卿。彦长于词，尤工小令，以淡雅见称。词集今失传，仅见于各种选本中。
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