鹧鸪天·雪照山城玉指寒
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宋代]：刘著
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鹧鸪天·雪照山城玉指寒译文及注释
译文
铺满大地的白雪映照着山城。冰天雪地里，楼上吹笛的，连玉指都感到寒冷吧？你吹奏出的一声声羌笛音里，饱含着离别的哀怨，飘荡在空间。江南的梅花开了又落，落了又开，不知开落了几次了？我在天涯漂泊，两鬓已如此斑白了。
面对天上点点闪亮的星星，朗朗普照的圆月，我独自一人痛饮不休。喝着，喝着，好像觉得天上的银河倒流入了我的杯中。我这翰林学士为我这种相思写了三千首诗词，想寄给你这南方的恋人，让你去忍着眼泪慢慢细读啊！
注释
玉指：比喻女子洁白如玉的纤指。
羌管：即羌笛，出自古代西部羌族的一种管乐器，其声凄切、哀伤。又名玉笛、短笛、芦笛等。范仲淹《渔家傲·塞下秋来风景异》：“羌管悠悠霜满地”。
楼间：一作“楼闲”，空楼的意思。
团团：形容月圆。
河汉：指银河。翰林：指李白。刘著曾入翰林，故此处以李白自比。风月：原指诗句中的骚情雅意，此处代指表达爱情相思的诗篇。三千首：极言作诗之多。这里词人说自己作诗非常多，有如翰林李白。
吴姬：吴地（即江南）一带的美女。此借指曾经相好的女子。
忍泪：强忍眼泪。
参考资料：
1、王大奇．《中国历代绝妙好词赏析》：中国长安出版社，2005：214
2、邓绍基．中国古代十大词人精品全集：集外卷：大连出版社 ，1998：177
鹧鸪天·雪照山城玉指寒创作背景
金初词坛，深受北宋诸家词风的影响亡国之恨，乡关之思，贰臣之愧是常见的题材，刘著的这首《鹧鸪天》，从“寄与吴姬”的字面看，当是作者入金后客居北地时怀念远在江南的一位女子的怀人之作，貌似“香艳”的爱情词，实际上蕴含着刻骨铭心的亡国之恨。
参考资料：
1、陈长喜．《中国历代词曲赏读 （下册）》：天津古籍出版社，2007：513
鹧鸪天·雪照山城玉指寒鉴赏
上片状别离滋味，下片抒思念情怀。写得情真意挚，清丽绵密而又自然健朗，笔墨别具一格。“雪照山城玉指寒，一声羌管怨楼间”起拍，追怀往日那次难忘的离别场面。山城雪照，一个严寒的冬日。山城指南方某地，词人与所爱者分携之处。悲莫悲兮生别离，离筵充满了悲凉的气氛。玉指寒，既点冬令，又兼示离人心上的凄清寒意。吹梅笛怨，也许是她在小楼上奏起的一曲《梅花落》吧。“南楼不恨吹横笛，恨晓风、千里关山。”羌管悠悠，离愁满目。这两句自“细雨梦回鸡塞远，小楼吹彻玉笙寒”化出，而景情切合，缠绵哀感，深得脱胎换骨之妙。这一别，黯然销魂，情难自禁，从此后相思两地，再见何年。下面的“江南几度梅花发”，接得如行云流水，自然无迹。由笛怨声声到梅花几度，暗示着江南的梅花开了又落，落了又开，情天恨海，逝者如斯。无情的岁月早经染白了主人公的青青双鬓。追忆别时，恍如昨日。整个上片，读来已觉回肠荡气。
下片，由当年写到此夕，感情进一步深化。天涯霜月又今宵，茫茫百感，袭上心头，除了诗和酒，世上没有什么能寄托自己的思恋，消遣自己的愁怀。换头先说饮酒。一片深愁待酒浇。苍茫无际的天野，有星光作伴，月色相陪，还是开怀痛饮，不管一切吧。这几句大有“尽挹西江，细斟北斗，万象为宾客”的气势，“倒流河汉”，等于说吸尽银河，更巧妙的是暗中融化了李贺“酒酣喝月使倒行”（《秦王饮酒》）的意境，痛饮淋漓，忘乎所以，恨不得令银河倒流，让辰光倒转，把自己的一腔郁闷，驱除个干净。兴会不可谓不酣畅了。然而，酒入愁肠，化作的毕竟是相思泪。紧接着，一气呵成的，就是放笔疾书，不可遏止地倾转，无所顾忌地抒怀，要将那无穷的往事、别后的相思；要将那尘满面、鬓如霜的感慨；要将那但愿人长久、千里共婵娟的祝愿，一齐泻向笔端。可这些，是有限的篇章、区区的言语不能表达的，他只好借助于欧阳修《赠王安石》的成句，动用一下“翰林风月三千首”了。而竟夕呜咽、愁情满纸的诗篇，寄与伊人，将会带给她新的悲哀。作者仿佛已感到了她的心弦颤动，看到了她的泪眼模糊。设身处地，体贴入微，心息之相通，一至于此。魂逐飞蓬。心灵感荡，“非陈诗何以展其义，非长歌何以骋其情”。而在一首短章小令之中，用词代简，以歌当哭，包含了如许丰富的感情容量，传达了如许深微的心理活动，长短句的语言艺术功能也可算得发挥尽致了。
全词以流转自然的音节，迂回曲折的笔势，既缠绵悱侧，又激宕疏爽，以词代简，短篇中含丰富的感情内容，传达出微妙而细致的内心活动，把一种无力排遣的悲凉愁绪发挥得淋漓尽致。
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王鹏运《
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点绛唇·饯春》
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牛希济《
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生查子·春山烟欲收》
刘著简介
唐代·刘著的简介
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刘著（约公元1140年前后在世）字鹏南，舒州皖城（今安徽潜山）人。生卒年均不详，北宋宣、政年间（1111～1125）登进士第。入金任居州县甚久。年六十余，始入翰林，充修撰。后出守武遂，终于忻州刺史。皖有玉照乡，既老，号玉照老人，以示不忘其本。著善诗，与吴激常相酬答。《金史》无传，事见《中州集》卷二。词存一首。
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萧显
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离席因君荐木桃，碧缸新酒泻春涛。诗盟递结东西社，坐客平分上下曹。
帘动午风花气暖，几当晴日篆烟高。狂歌亦是骊驹曲，三叠阳关意未豪。
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咏怀旧隐十五首 其三
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元代：
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吴当
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忆昔升堂日，诸生授简时。遗经周礼乐，野服汉威仪。
一自趋丹凤，微班侍玉螭。风尘惊岁阔，猿鹤怨归迟。