画堂春·雨中杏花
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明代]：陈子龙
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轻阴池馆水平桥，一番弄雨花梢。微寒著处不胜娇，此际魂销。
忆昔青门堤外，粉香零乱朝朝。玉颜寂寞淡红飘，无那今宵
画堂春·雨中杏花译文及注释
译文
清明前后，云淡天阴，池塘和小桥边上，只见那毛毛细雨滋润着盛放的杏花，在微寒的天气下更显娇艳，也更为婀娜多姿。
想当年在那京师门外的堤岸上，一阵狂风暴雨过后，几日之间，杏花身殒香灭。花朵已经落尽的杏花，连蜂蝶都不来光顾了，只好守着寂寞过日子，它哪里还有一刻千金的春宵？
注释
画堂春：词牌名。最初见于《淮海居士长短句》。双调，有四十六字至四十九字四格，前片四平韵，后片三平韵。
青门：汉长安东南门，本名霸城门，因其色青，故俗称为青门。
玉颜：指杏花。
无那：无奈。
参考资料：
1、孙文光，彭国忠著．明清词举要 ：安徽师范大学出版社，2015.02：第54页
2、小舟编著．古典诗词名篇浅读 中华诗词三百首 诗词三部曲之一：花城出版社，1999.10：第427页
画堂春·雨中杏花创作背景
明思宗崇祯八年（1635）春季至夏初，陈子龙和其外妇柳如是在松江徐致远的别墅中鸳鸯楼同居读书。从原文中可以看出这首词当是此时所写，乃词人排忧解愁之作。
参考资料：
1、王大奇编著．中国历代绝妙好词赏析：中国长安出版社，中国历代绝妙好词赏析：第272页
画堂春·雨中杏花鉴赏
首二句“轻阴池馆水平桥，一番弄雨花梢”，勾勒出“池馆”的气象景物：天色微阴，春雨绵绵，池塘水涨，已与桥平，细雨又把杏花浸洗一番。这二句似乎实写南园桥边雨中杏花，却分明是虚写风雨摧残中的柳如是，以实写虚，从而得到虚实相生的艺术效果。
紧接着二句“微寒着处不胜娇，此际魂销”，描绘了一幅杏花娇弱，好象承受不住春寒风雨的景象，这让伤名的诗人黯然销魂。
上片一反诗词中用杏花装点热闹繁荣场面的惯常手法，用重笔描写它在春寒冷雨之中的“不胜娇”。在作者渲染的这种令人黯然神伤的情景中，作为虚影叠印的柳如是，则已绰约其中了。
下片则借杏花的“零乱’’写柳如是的飘零身世，以抒发一己的“无那”心绪。
“忆昔青门堤外，粉香零乱朝朝。玉颜寂寞淡红飘。”一个“忆”字，引出城门外长堤边这一派红颜憔悴、玉蕊凋零的残败景象。几句中三次写花，三次写法各不同：一曰“粉香”；二曰“玉颜”；三曰“淡红”。从“味”、“形”、“色”描绘之，美的确美矣。只可惜红颜薄命，生不逢地，只能用“寂寞”打发日子。
这是一首咏物词，词中所咏的，是春雨微寒中的杏花。但吟味再三，雨中花间，总依稀晃动着一位佳人的倩影：她就是江南名妓柳如是。词人笔下的“雨中杏花”，就是他心中的情人柳如是：当年的卖笑生涯，留下了“青门堤外，粉香零乱朝朝”的记忆；如今，与词人同居，承受种种欢爱，却也遭遇无边的压力，仿佛“奔雨花梢”，“微寒著处不胜娇”。她以“寂寞”抗争，在无声中忍受巨大的精神摧残，任凭“玉颜”“淡红飘”，让青春年华流逝。词人对柳氏的遭际黯然“魂销”，却也无可奈何，只能徒唤“无那”。
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陈子龙简介
唐代·陈子龙的简介
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陈子龙（1608—1647）明末官员、文学家。初名介，字卧子、懋中、人中，号大樽、海士、轶符等。汉族，南直隶松江华亭（今上海松江）人。崇祯十年进士，曾任绍兴推官，论功擢兵科给事中，命甫下而明亡。清兵陷南京，他和太湖民众武装组织联络，开展抗清活动，事败后被捕，投水殉国。他是明末重要作家，诗歌成就较高，诗风或悲壮苍凉，充满民族气节；或典雅华丽；或合二种风格于一体。擅长七律、七言歌行、七绝，被公认为“明诗殿军”。陈子龙亦工词，为婉约词名家、云间词派盟主，被后代众多著名词评家誉为“明代第一词人”。
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