蝶恋花·雨霰疏疏经泼火
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宋代]：苏轼
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雨霰疏疏经泼火。巷陌秋千，犹未清明过。杏子梢头香蕾破。淡红褪白胭脂涴。
苦被多情相折挫。病绪厌厌，浑似年时个。绕遍回廊还独坐。月笼云暗重门锁。
蝶恋花·雨霰疏疏经泼火译文及注释
译文
经历了一场桃花雨之后，又下了疏稀的雨夹雪。清明节还未到，街坊中的秋千荡起来了。杏子梢头的一花蓄开放，淡红色的花脱掉而成白色的花，像被胭脂水粉浸染似的。
被对方多情带来的痛苦的折磨，精神不振，简直像度过一年时光似的。夫妻二人跑遍长廊，还各自独坐回廊，已是“月笼云暗重门锁”的深夜。
注释
雨霰（xiàn）：细雨和雪珠。苏轼《蝶恋花·徽雪有人送》词：帘外东风交雨霰，帘里佳人，笑语如莺燕。
经：曾经，已经。
泼火：指寒食节，寒食节时下雨称为泼火雨。《遁斋闲览》：“河朔谓清明桃花雨曰泼火雨。”白居易《洛桥寒食日作十韵》：“蹴球尘不起，泼火雨新晴。”唐彦谦《上巳》：“微微泼火雨，草草踏青人。”
巷陌：街坊。
香蕾破：芳香的花苞绽开了。
胭脂涴（wò）：胭脂浸染。韩愈《合江亭》：“愿书岩上石，勿使泥尘涴。”
被（bèi）：表被动。
折挫：折磨。
厌厌：精神萎糜貌。陶潜《和郭主簿》之二：“检素不获展，厌厌竟良月。”
浑似：简直像。
年时：一年时光。史浩《千秋岁》：“把盏对横枝，尚忆年时个。”
个：语助词，相当于“的”。
还（hái）：依然，仍然。
月笼：月色笼罩。杜牧《泊秦淮》：“烟笼寒水月笼沙，夜泊秦淮近酒家。”
云暗：云层密布。
参考资料：
1、叶嘉莹．苏轼词新释辑评 上．北京：中国书店，2007.01：82-83
2、苏轼．东坡词注．长沙：岳麓书社， 2005.01 ：108
3、孟庆祥，沈薇薇，孟繁翠．声律启蒙 外二种．哈尔滨：黑龙江人民出版社，2009.01：608
4、谭新红．苏轼词全集 汇编汇评汇校．武汉：崇文书局 ， 2011.12 ：160-161
蝶恋花·雨霰疏疏经泼火创作背景
这首词约作于宋英宗治平二年（1065年）五月后。当时，东坡还朝，除判登闻鼓院，专掌臣民奏章。五月二十八日，东坡元配王弗逝世，作这首词以怀念妻子。
参考资料：
1、叶嘉莹．苏轼词新释辑评 上．北京：中国书店，2007.01：82-83
蝶恋花·雨霰疏疏经泼火鉴赏
这首词是写苏轼与王弗的生活景象，寄托了词人对妻子深深的怀恋。
上片，回忆夫妻清明节前后美好生活情趣。“雨霰疏疏经泼火，巷陌秋千，犹未清明过”，写东坡观看王弗等妇女秋千游戏。“雨霰”，“泼火”点气候；“清明”点时间；“巷陌”点地址。这个秋千游戏，不免含有一丝春寒气息，十分宜人。同时还看到另一种景色，即“杏子梢头香蕾破，淡红褪白胭脂涴”所写的杏花绽蕾的景色。一个“香蓄”“破”开了，杏子由胭脂一淡红一白色，美丽极了。这是一段美好的回忆，值得深深留恋。
下片，回忆夫妻长年的多情苦恋。“苦被多情相折挫，病绪厌厌，浑似年时个”，写夫妻的多情。多情一苦一折挫一病绪，像链条一样，套住这对年轻的夫妻，情感“折挫”难熬煎，度日简直如度年。“绕遍回廊还独坐，月笼云暗重门锁”，写夫妻的苦恋，是通过一个典型的生活细节的刻画来完成的。“绕邀回廊”，荡气回肠；独坐长廊，春心荡漾；“月笼云暗重门锁”，宁静夜色绘遐想。这是一段深沉的回忆，丝思缕情尽在不言中。
全词运用回忆之笔，重现了东坡夫妻两次典型的生活情趣画面，将多情苦恋的夫妻形象描绘得淋漓尽致。多情变苦，苦恋成病，度日如年，是本词的中心题旨。
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苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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